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我国稠粘、易凝原油长输管道的投产一直沿用热水预热方法。这种方法用在水源充足的东部地区都存在着投产时间长、与农业争水、污染环境、费用昂贵等问题,若用在水源匮乏、柴油运输不便的 西北地区,其问题更加突出。为此,作者提出在原油中加入一定量的流动性改进剂,使原油降凝、降粘,以达到直接投产的设想。针对上述设想,文中介绍了国外降凝工艺工业性应用现状及国内在工业管道上三次试验的成果,并对采用流动性改进剂直接投产存在的几个关键问题,如流动性改进剂的筛选、管道允许压力与投油排量的矛盾以及投油时的操作要点进行了探讨。通过实例计算了不同投油排量下,最低温度管段的流态变化和出站压力,最后对两种工艺投产作了经济对比。
China’s sticky, easy to pour condensate crude oil pipeline has been running hot water preheating method. This method is used in the eastern region with abundant water resources for a long time, such problems as prolonged production, competition with agriculture, environmental pollution and high costs. The problems are even more serious if it is used in the northwestern region where water is scarce and diesel is inconvenient for transportation. To this end, the author proposes to add a certain amount of liquidity improver to the crude oil so as to reduce the viscosity and viscosity of the crude oil so as to achieve the direct production. In view of the above assumptions, this paper introduces the industrial application status of foreign pour point depressing process and the results of three domestic tests on industrial pipes. Several key issues such as liquidity improver, Pipeline to allow pressure and oil displacement contradictions as well as the operation of oil injection points were discussed. Through the calculation of the different oil displacement, the lowest temperature of the pipe flow changes and outbound pressure, and finally made an economic comparison of the two processes put into operation.