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(一) 前言在美国,结构设计标准一向是根据不同的施工材料和方法分类制定的。由于设计原理不一致,以及由于采用的传统安全系数主要是根据经验推定,因此这些标准在为各种材料和破坏情况所规定的安全度方面可能有所不同。为替换这种传统方法,现时制定标准的趋势促使全部施工技术应用概率极限状态设计(参考文献1、6、13、14)。这种可靠性设计方法主张构件和连接件相称,以使其破坏的可能性降低到允许的最小限度。
(I) Introduction In the United States, structural design standards have always been categorized according to different construction materials and methods. Due to inconsistent design principles and due to the fact that the traditional safety factors used are based primarily on empirical presumptions, these standards may differ in the degree of safety required for various materials and damage situations. In order to replace this traditional method, the current tendency to develop standards has prompted the application of probabilistic limit states to all construction technologies (References 1, 6, 13, and 14). This method of reliability design claims that the components and connectors are commensurate with each other so that the possibility of their destruction is reduced to the minimum allowable.