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在苏联科学改革的实践过程中,对改善科技组织活动的三种模式进行了试验,这就是经济模式、组织模式和创新模式,其实质可以简述如下。经济模式在经济模式范围内科技活动的改革,乃是物质生产领域大规模经济改革的思想、方法和方针对科学的直接反射。这些模式的基本原则如下: 1.国家的科学和科学服务机构按其特点日益采取经济核算原则,将来要达到全面的经济核算和自负盈亏。 2.科学产品——新办法和新设备——无条件地被看作商品,而全面的经济核算被理解为在科技组织的过程中及其相互作用的一切方面推行经济核算
During the practice of the scientific reform in the Soviet Union, three models for improving the activities of science and technology organizations were tested. These are the economic mode, the organizational mode and the innovative mode. The essence of the reform can be summarized as follows. Economic model The reform of scientific and technological activities within the economic model is a direct reflection of science on the ideas, methods and principles of large-scale economic reform in the field of material production. The basic principles of these models are as follows: 1. The national science and sciences service agencies are increasingly adopting the principle of economic accounting according to their characteristics and will have to reach comprehensive economic accounting and self-financing in the future. 2. Scientific products - new approaches and new equipment - are considered unconditionally as commodities and comprehensive economic accounting is understood as the introduction of economic accounting in all aspects of the organization of science and technology and its interactions