黄土洞室建筑(称窑洞和地下洞库),在我国西北、华北西部等地很多。作为居住和小规模生产用的窑洞,拱顶一般为半圆曲线或抛物线,正面有门窗,净宽b一般为3～3.5米,进深一般为5～8米,两侧壁(有的叫平装)或间壁高1.5～2.5米,室内火炕或灶台的烟囱穿过窑顶土层通向室外,见图1。窑洞冬暖夏凉,舒适方便,就地取材,造价低廉。从久远的历史时代至今,均大量存在。这种洞室建筑一般是依山就势开凿,受地势变迁及风化作用、流水作用 Loess cave buildings (called caves and underground caverns) are abundant in the northwest of China and in the western part of North China. As caves for residential and small-scale production, the vaults are generally semicircular curves or parabolas. The front faces are doors and windows. The net width b is generally 3 to 3.5 meters, and the depth is generally 5 to 8 meters. The two side walls (some are called paperback) Or the partition height is 1.5 to 2.5 meters. The indoor chimney or stove chimney passes through the kiln top soil layer and leads to the outside. See Figure 1. The caves are warm in winter and cool in summer, comfortable and convenient, and they are made on the spot with low cost. From the long historical era to the present, there are a lot of them. This kind of cave building is generally built on the mountains and hills and is affected by the changes in the terrain, weathering, and flowing water.