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优良的小麦品种对小麦增产起着重要的作用。随着农村生产责任制的推行,农民需要良种的数量大大增加,但随之也出现一些问题:①品种易混杂降低增产能力,一般比原种减产7—10％;②年年购种增加成本。因此,农民应采用一次购种自繁,分年贮藏利用的方法,是克服上述问题的较好途径。所谓“一次购种自繁、分年贮藏利用”,就是农户从种子公司或良种生产部门购进一次纯度较高的良种,当年用专地繁殖,收获前进行田间去杂,脱粒时严防混杂,然后留足2—3年的大田用种贮藏起来。以后每年取出一部分种子播种。为此,必须做好种子的安全贮藏工作。安全贮藏就是保证在一定的贮藏期限内使种子具有较高的发芽率。据中国农科院品资所实验,安全贮藏5年以上的小麦种子仍有92％以上的发芽率,甚至贮藏30年的小麦种子,发芽率尚在33％左右。
Good wheat varieties play an important role in increasing wheat yield. With the implementation of the responsibility system for rural production, the number of peasants needed to increase the number of seeds greatly increased, but some problems ensued as well: (1) The varieties are easy to mix and reduce the yield-increasing ability, generally 7-10% less than the original ones; (2) the annual cost increases . Therefore, farmers should adopt a method of buying and selling from the fan, year of storage and use, is a better way to overcome the above problems. The so-called “once purchased from the fan, year of storage and use,” that is, farmer households from the seed or seed production department purchased a higher purity of the species, when the special breeding, harvest before the field to miscellaneous, thresholding to prevent miscellaneous, Then leave 2-3 years of field storage with species. After each year to remove some of the seeds sown. To do this, the seeds must be stored safely. Safe storage is to ensure that the seed has a high germination rate within a certain storage period. According to the experiment conducted by the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the germination rate of over 92% of wheat seeds stored safely for more than 5 years is still about 33% even for the 30-year-old wheat seeds.