理性力学(rational mechanics)的概念由来已久。早在1743年,达朗贝尔(D’Alembert)就提出:“1.象几何学一样,理性力学必须建立在显然正确的公理上;2.力学的进一步事实由数学证明给出”。按这种提法,理性力学的第一部著作就是1687年牛顿的《自然哲学的数学原理》。在前人探索的基础上,他总结出运动三定律,从这些简单的公理出发,物体(质点)的运动的全部主要性质 The concept of rational mechanics has a long history. As early as 1743, D’Alembert proposed: “1. Like geometry, rational mechanics must be based on manifestly correct axioms; 2. Further facts of mechanics are given by mathematical proof.” According to this formulation, the first book of rational mechanics was Newton’s “Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy” in 1687. On the basis of his predecessors’ exploration, he summed up the three laws of movement. Starting from these simple axioms, all the main properties of the movement of objects (particles)