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随着产前诊疗技术的发展和对准确诊疗预期的不,断提高,因医方过失导致胎儿缺陷漏诊,进而侵犯患方“优生优育选择权”的案例逐渐进入我国司法的视野,并呈现出相当多的理论和实务困惑。在权利概念泛滥的时代,我们需要通过更为精致、准确的基本法律概念,来理解和界定不断发展的司法难题,霍菲尔德的基本法律概念理论或能为我们提供这样的分析框架。所谓“优生优育选择权”作为一种特权或自由,其本质上是一种人格利益,故不宜将其作为一种权利进行救济。追本溯源,错误出生案乃医疗服务合同是否充分履行,或者说侵权法上是否违反保护他人法律的问题。针对损害赔偿范围所涉及的繁复问题,利益衡量理论又为我国的司法实践提供了有益的裁判指导。
With the development of prenatal diagnosis and treatment technology and the expectation of accurate diagnosis and treatment, the cases of misdiagnosis of fetus defects due to the negligence of the doctors and the infringement of the patients’ “prenatal and postnatal care options” gradually entered the judicial field of our country and Showing a lot of theoretical and practical confusion. In the time when the concept of rights is flooding, we need to understand and define the ever-evolving judicial problems through a more refined and accurate concept of basic law, and Hoffield’s concept of basic legal concepts can provide us with such an analytical framework. The so-called “eugenics and fertility options ” as a privilege or freedom, which is essentially a personal interest, it should not be as a right to relief. It is a question of whether the tracing of the origin and wrong birth of a medical service contract should be fully performed or whether the tort law violates the law of protecting others. In view of the complicated problems involved in the scope of damages, the theory of interest measurement also provides useful guidance for the judicial practice in our country.