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一天中 ,苹果果实表面最高温度与气温、日照、相对湿度和风速有着密切的关系。通过生长季自动监测果实表面温度的变化 ,并与设置在监测树旁边气象记录仪数据对比 ,揭示出树冠西南部果实表面温度与气温、日照、相对湿度和风速呈高度相关。结果还表明 :日照和气温是导致果实表面高温 (>45℃ )的两个主要因子。在大多数情况下 ,这两个因子相互作用决定果实高温是否发生 ,但气温的作用更为重要。一般在晴天 ,树冠西南部果实表面高温通常出现在 1 3 :3 0～ 1 5 :5 0。果实达到临界日烧高温 (>45℃ )的综合气象条件是 (1 0 :0 0～ 1 6 :0 0平均值 ) :日照 >5 80 W/m2 ;气温 >3 1 .8℃ ;风速 <1 .0 m/s;相对湿度 <3 0 %。气温、日照、风速和相对湿度与果实表面温度都呈高度相关 ,其多元回归方程为 :果实表面温度 (℃ ) =1 9.7+0 .842×气温 (℃ ) +0 .0 0 989×日照 (W/m2 ) - 2 .0 8×风速 (m/s) - 0 .1 48×相对湿度 (% ) ,r2 =0 .6 97
One day, the highest surface temperature of apple fruit is closely related to temperature, sunshine, relative humidity and wind speed. The changes of fruit surface temperature during the growing season were monitored automatically and compared with the data recorded by the weather recorder beside the monitoring tree. The results showed that the surface temperature of fruit in southwestern crown was highly correlated with temperature, sunshine, relative humidity and wind speed. The results also show that: sunshine and air temperature are the two main factors leading to high surface temperature (> 45 ℃). In most cases, the interaction of these two factors determines whether high temperature occurs in the fruit, but the effect of temperature is even more important. Generally, on sunny days, the surface temperature of the fruit in the southwestern crown usually ranges from 13: 30 to 15: 50. The comprehensive meteorological conditions for the fruits reaching the critical hot day (> 45 ℃) were (1 0: 0 0 ~ 1 6: 0 0 average): sunlight> 580W / m2; air temperature> 31.8 ℃; wind speed < 1 .0 m / s; relative humidity <30%. Temperatures, sunshine, wind speed and relative humidity were highly correlated with fruit surface temperature. The multiple regression equation was: fruit surface temperature (℃) = 1 9.7 +0.842 × temperature (℃) +0.0989 × sunshine W / m2) - 2.08 × wind speed (m / s) -0.1 48 × relative humidity (%), r2 = 0.67