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知识与道德何者优先、如何安顿的问题,中西价值取向不同。一直以来被忽略的是:对于这一问题的思考正是贯穿于《论语》论“学”中的一条内在逻辑线索。孔子虽然承认道德价值的优先性,但并不像后儒所理解的那样以道德价值否定知识价值。在孔子那里,知识系统与道德系统既分立而自足,又内在地融通为一体;知识价值与道德价值既为共存关系,亦可能在现实的境遇中趋向对立;正确把握知识接受与德行训练之间的权重与互动关系,则可以使知识价值与道德价值皆有安顿之所。孔子的思想被后儒片面地加以取舍,以道德取代知识成为“学”之主流。于是,知识价值被淹没在对道德价值的过度张扬中,故而引发了近代以来对于儒家文化阻碍科学理性的批判。还原孔子思想的本来面目,不但有正本清源之功效,亦可以为消除当下存在的道德价值被知识价值逐渐消解之偏弊提供有益的思路。
The priority of knowledge and morality, how to settle the problem, different values of Chinese and Western values. What has always been overlooked is that thinking about this issue is an internal logical thread that runs through the Analects of Confucius and the study of learning. Although acknowledging the priority of moral values, Confucius did not negate the value of knowledge with moral values as Confucianism understood. In Confucius, the system of knowledge and morality is not only independent and self-sufficient, but also integrates internally. The value of knowledge and moral value are both coexistent and contradictory in reality. Correctly grasp the relationship between knowledge acceptance and virtue training The weight and interaction between, you can make the value of knowledge and moral values are settled. Confucius’s thought was rejected by the Confucian scholarship side by side, replacing morality as the mainstream of “learning”. Thus, the value of knowledge is submerged in the excessive publicity of moral values, thus leading to the criticism that the Confucian culture hindered scientific rationality in modern times. To restore the original features of Confucianism not only has the original source of the Qing Dynasty, but also can provide beneficial ideas for eliminating the existing moral values being gradually eliminated by the knowledge value.