本文简要地论述三种最常见的气体激光器(氦氖激光器,氩离子激光器和二氧化碳激光器)性能特性现状。讨论了限制这些激光器工作性能的因素(气体清除或污染,阴极变坏,内管壁腐触以及光学表面污染),以及目前为克服这些限制而采取的解决方法.介绍了每种激光器使用的典型制造技术和材料,重点叙述了机载和宇宙应用的具有最高工作性能的激光器的制造和材料。 This article briefly discusses the current status of the performance characteristics of the three most common gas lasers (He-Ne laser, argon-ion laser and carbon dioxide laser). Discusses the factors that limit the performance of these lasers (gas scavenging or contamination, deterioration of cathodes, decay of inner tube walls, and optical surface contamination), and the solutions that are currently being overcome to overcome these limitations.The typical use of each of these lasers Manufacturing technology and materials, focusing on the manufacture and materials of lasers with the highest performance for airborne and cosmic applications.