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目的动态监测饮水型地方性氟中毒病区改水工程质量,掌握病情变化趋势,评价防控措施效果。方法选择荥阳、中牟、新郑、登封4个县(市)的8个村作为监测点。采集监测村居民生活饮用水水样进行水氟含量测定,并调查改水工程运行情况。对监测村全部8~12岁儿童进行氟斑牙调查,同时采集该人群即时尿样,检测尿氟含量。结果 8个改水村中,小型改水工程7处,大型改水工程1处;有6处改水工程水氟合格,水氟范围0.29~1.00 mg/L,水氟合格率75.00%,有2处改水工程水氟超标,水氟范围2.06~2.59 mg/L。水氟含量合格的监测村、超标的监测村儿童氟斑牙检出率分别为9.26%(44/475)、44.44%(28/63),氟斑牙检出率比较差异有统计学意义(χ~2=59.39,P<0.01);尿氟几何均值分别为1.26 mg/L、2.00 mg/L。结论郑州市改水降氟预防控制饮水型氟中毒工作成效显著,但改水工程质量亟待改善。
Objective To dynamically monitor the quality of water diversion project in endemic fluorosis area with drinking water, grasp the changing trend of disease and evaluate the effect of prevention and control measures. Methods Eight villages in four counties (cities) of Shenyang, Zhongmu, Xinzheng and Dengfeng were selected as monitoring sites. Collect monitoring drinking water samples of residents living water fluoride content determination, and investigate the water diversion project operation. All the children aged 8 to 12 in the monitoring village were surveyed for dental fluorosis. At the same time, real-time urine samples of this group were collected to detect urinary fluoride content. Results There were 7 small and medium-sized water diversion projects and 1 large-scale water diversion project in 8 water diversion villages. There were 6 water improvement projects with qualified fluorine in water ranging from 0.29 mg / L to 1.00 mg / L and water-fluorine qualified rate of 75.00% Department of water engineering water fluoride exceeded, water fluoride range 2.06 ~ 2.59 mg / L. The detection rate of dental fluorosis was 9.26% (44/475) and 44.44% (28/63) respectively in the monitoring villages with qualified fluoride content. The detection rate of dental fluorosis was statistically significant ( χ ~ 2 = 59.39, P <0.01). The geometric mean of urinary fluoride was 1.26 mg / L and 2.00 mg / L, respectively. Conclusion The prevention and control of drinking water fluorosis in Zhengzhou City has achieved remarkable results. However, the quality of water diversion projects needs to be improved urgently.