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近几年,非谓语动词是高考的必考知识点。然而,非谓语动词灵活多变,学生难以掌握,经常出错。下面,笔者结合高考真题,谈了非谓语动词的命题特点和解题技巧,希望对广大考生有所启发。
一、命题特点与考查内容
⒈非谓语动词的语法成分及地位
把非谓语动词作为考点,旨在考查学生能否分辨某个动词是应用谓语动词还是非谓语动词,如果它是非谓语动词,那么又在句子中做什么成分。如:
例1.There are nine planets____around the sun,and the earth____one of them.
A.moving;being B.moving;is
C.move;being D.moved;is
根据题意,前一个空应填现在分词,在句中作定语,是非谓语动词;后一个空由and连接,是一个完整的句子,句中缺少谓语动词,故正确答案是B。
2.非谓语动词的语态
考查非谓语动词的语态,目的是考查考生能否判断非谓语动词与中心语的关系,即主动关系或被动关系。如:
例2.Unless____to speak,you should remain silent at the conference.
A.invited B.inviting
C.being invited D.having invited
分析句子可知,句子的主语you与invite是被动关系,应该选择过去分词。所以,正确答案是A。
3.非谓语动词的发生时间
考查非谓语动词的发生时间,目的是考查考生能否辨析非谓语动词发生在句子谓语动词之前、之后还是同时发生。如:
例3.____from heart trouble for years,Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.
A.Suffered B.Suffering
C.Having suffered D.Being suffered
根据题意,状语for years表明suffer发生在has to take some medicine之前,故应该用完成时,所以答案是C。
4.习惯搭配
习惯搭配主要考查考生是否牢固掌握了一些固定搭配并能注意其区别。如:
例4.A:I usually go there by train.
B:Why not____by boat for a change?
A.to try going B.try to go
C.to try and so D.try going
why not do是固定句型,try to do是“设法干成某事”的意思,try doing是“试着干某事”的意思。根据题意可知,正确答案是D。
二、解题技巧
1.区别谓语动词和非谓语动词
区别谓语动词和非谓语动词,关键是看句子是否已经有了谓语动词形式。如:
例5.Dear me! Just _____ at the time! I _____ no idea it was so late.
A. look, have B. looking, had
C. look, had D. looking, have
学生容易误选D,认为第一空填现在分词,第二空填 have 的一般现在时,以保持与前面时态的一致性。其实,正确答案是C。第一空应填 look, 因为这是祈使句的谓语,第二空应填 had,因为前一句的意思是“看看时间吧”,言下之意是现在已经很晚了,“不知道这么迟了”显然应是“过去”的事,所以用一般过去时态。
2.熟练运用习惯搭配
如果题目是考虑习惯搭配的用法,那么题目就简单多了,只要考生记熟所学的非谓语动词的固定搭配及其在特殊句型中的运用。如:
例6.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him____.
A.not to B.not to do
C.not to it D.do not to
“tell sb.(not)to do sth.”意为让某人(不要)做某事。所以,正确答案是A。
3.判断非谓语动词的句子成分
在考查非谓语动词时,学生还要判断非谓语动词在句中的成分。如果非谓语动词作状语,就要看它与主语的关系;如果作宾补,就要看它与宾语的关系;如果作定语,就要看它与被修饰词之间的关系。如:
例7.____the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.
A.The president will attend
B.The president to attend
C.The president attended
D.The president’s attendinsg
分析句子可知,句子缺少主语,而且谓语动词gave是过去时,说明总统参加会议的动作已经发生,故正确答案是D。
4.区分非谓语动词的语态和时间
在区分非谓语动词的语态时间时,学生要以非谓语动词与中心语的关系来判断句子是主动语态还是被动语态。如:
例8.Though____money,his parents managed to send him to university.
A.lacked B.lacking of
C.lacking D.lacked in
lack是及物动词,his parents与lack是主谓关系,整个句子的意思是“虽然缺钱,他的父母仍想办法让他上了大学”,故正确答案是C。
(作者单位:江西省南康市职业中等专业学校)
一、命题特点与考查内容
⒈非谓语动词的语法成分及地位
把非谓语动词作为考点,旨在考查学生能否分辨某个动词是应用谓语动词还是非谓语动词,如果它是非谓语动词,那么又在句子中做什么成分。如:
例1.There are nine planets____around the sun,and the earth____one of them.
A.moving;being B.moving;is
C.move;being D.moved;is
根据题意,前一个空应填现在分词,在句中作定语,是非谓语动词;后一个空由and连接,是一个完整的句子,句中缺少谓语动词,故正确答案是B。
2.非谓语动词的语态
考查非谓语动词的语态,目的是考查考生能否判断非谓语动词与中心语的关系,即主动关系或被动关系。如:
例2.Unless____to speak,you should remain silent at the conference.
A.invited B.inviting
C.being invited D.having invited
分析句子可知,句子的主语you与invite是被动关系,应该选择过去分词。所以,正确答案是A。
3.非谓语动词的发生时间
考查非谓语动词的发生时间,目的是考查考生能否辨析非谓语动词发生在句子谓语动词之前、之后还是同时发生。如:
例3.____from heart trouble for years,Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.
A.Suffered B.Suffering
C.Having suffered D.Being suffered
根据题意,状语for years表明suffer发生在has to take some medicine之前,故应该用完成时,所以答案是C。
4.习惯搭配
习惯搭配主要考查考生是否牢固掌握了一些固定搭配并能注意其区别。如:
例4.A:I usually go there by train.
B:Why not____by boat for a change?
A.to try going B.try to go
C.to try and so D.try going
why not do是固定句型,try to do是“设法干成某事”的意思,try doing是“试着干某事”的意思。根据题意可知,正确答案是D。
二、解题技巧
1.区别谓语动词和非谓语动词
区别谓语动词和非谓语动词,关键是看句子是否已经有了谓语动词形式。如:
例5.Dear me! Just _____ at the time! I _____ no idea it was so late.
A. look, have B. looking, had
C. look, had D. looking, have
学生容易误选D,认为第一空填现在分词,第二空填 have 的一般现在时,以保持与前面时态的一致性。其实,正确答案是C。第一空应填 look, 因为这是祈使句的谓语,第二空应填 had,因为前一句的意思是“看看时间吧”,言下之意是现在已经很晚了,“不知道这么迟了”显然应是“过去”的事,所以用一般过去时态。
2.熟练运用习惯搭配
如果题目是考虑习惯搭配的用法,那么题目就简单多了,只要考生记熟所学的非谓语动词的固定搭配及其在特殊句型中的运用。如:
例6.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him____.
A.not to B.not to do
C.not to it D.do not to
“tell sb.(not)to do sth.”意为让某人(不要)做某事。所以,正确答案是A。
3.判断非谓语动词的句子成分
在考查非谓语动词时,学生还要判断非谓语动词在句中的成分。如果非谓语动词作状语,就要看它与主语的关系;如果作宾补,就要看它与宾语的关系;如果作定语,就要看它与被修饰词之间的关系。如:
例7.____the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.
A.The president will attend
B.The president to attend
C.The president attended
D.The president’s attendinsg
分析句子可知,句子缺少主语,而且谓语动词gave是过去时,说明总统参加会议的动作已经发生,故正确答案是D。
4.区分非谓语动词的语态和时间
在区分非谓语动词的语态时间时,学生要以非谓语动词与中心语的关系来判断句子是主动语态还是被动语态。如:
例8.Though____money,his parents managed to send him to university.
A.lacked B.lacking of
C.lacking D.lacked in
lack是及物动词,his parents与lack是主谓关系,整个句子的意思是“虽然缺钱,他的父母仍想办法让他上了大学”,故正确答案是C。
(作者单位:江西省南康市职业中等专业学校)