一、概述在全球许多国家中,政府通常将社会服务外包给国家、区域和地方层面的公民社会组织(CSO)。①在某些国家,比如德国,这种传统可追溯到20世纪早期。在美国等国家,地方政府与私营的卫生保健提供商之间的“公私合作”传统甚至可追溯到18世纪。目前,这种合作关系仍在发展。近年来,在许多西方和亚洲国家,政府与CSO的关系反映出重要的政治、社会和经济现实情况,个别 I. Overview In many countries around the world, governments often outsource social services to civil society organizations (CSOs) at national, regional and local levels. In some countries, such as Germany, this tradition dates back to the early 20th century. In countries such as the United States, the “public-private partnership” tradition between local governments and private healthcare providers goes back to the 18th century. At present, this cooperation is still developing. In recent years, in many Western and Asian countries, the relationship between the government and the CSO reflects important political, social and economic realities. Individuals