Background:Video-autofluorescence imaging(AFI) and narrow band imaging(NBI) are new endoscopic techniques that may improve the detection of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia(HGIN) in Barrett’s esophagus(BE) .AFI improves the detection of lesions but may give false-positive findings.NBI allows for detailed inspection of the mucosal and(micro) vascular patterns,which are related to HGIN.Objective:A proof-of-principle study to combine AFI and NBI to improve the detection of HGIN and to reduce false-positive findings.Design:Cross-sectional study of consecutive eligible patients.Setting:Single-center.Patients:Twenty patients with BE with suspected or endoscopically treated HGIN were investigated with 2 prototype imaging systems:AFI(inspection with high-resolution videoendoscopy and autofluorescence imaging for detection of lesions) and NBI(for detailed inspection of mucosal and vascular patterns of identified lesions) .Lesions were sampled for histopathologic evaluation.Main Outcome Measurements:The positive predictive value of AFI alone and of AFI-NBI for detecting HGIN and the reduction of falsepositive findings because of the use of NBI.Results:All of the 28 lesions with HGIN were identified with AFI.Seventeen were identified with white light(61%) .Forty-seven suspicious lesions were detected with AFI:28 contained HGIN(60%) and 19 were false positive(40%) .With NBI,25 of the true-positive lesions had definitely suspicious patterns,and 3 had dubiously suspicious patterns.Of the 19 false positives,14 were not suspicious on NBI.The false-positive rate,therefore,was reduced from 40% to 10%.Low-grade dysplasia was found in 4 of the remaining 5 false positives.All of the 14 patients with HGIN were identified by AFI-NBI(sensitivity 100%) .Limitations:Uncontrolled study in high-risk patients.Conclusions:This proof-of-principle study confirms that AFI can be used as a red-flag technique to detect suspicious lesions.With NBI,detailed inspection of the surface patterns can be performed.This combination may increase the accuracy of detecting HGIN in BE. Background: Video-autofluorescence imaging (AFI) and narrow band imaging (NBI) are new endoscopic techniques that may improve the detection of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN) in Barrett’s esophagus (BE) .AFI improves the detection of lesions but may give false-positive findings. NBI for detailed inspection of the mucosal and (micro) vascular patterns, which are related to HGIN. Objective: A proof-of-principle study to combine AFI and NBI to improve the detection of HGIN and to reduce false -positive findings. Design: Cross-section study of consecutive eligible patients. Setting: Single-center. Patients: Twenty patients with BE with suspected or endoscoply treated HGIN were investigated with 2 prototype imaging systems: AFI (inspection with high-resolution video endoscopy and autofluorescence imaging for detection of lesions) and NBI (for detailed inspection of mucosal and vascular patterns of identified lesions). Lesions were sampled for histopathological evaluation. Main Outcome Meas. urements: The positive predictive value of AFI alone and of AFI-NBI for detecting HGIN and the reduction of falsepositive findings because of the use of NBI. Results: All of the 28 patients with HGIN were identified with AFI. Seventeen were identified with white light (61%). Forty-seven suspicious lesions were detected with AFI: 28 contained HGIN (60%) and 19 were false positive (40%) .With NBI, 25 of the true-positive lesions had definitely suspicious patterns, and 3 had dubiously suspicious patterns. Of the 19 false positives, 14 were not suspicious on NBI. The false-positive rate, therefore, was reduced from 40% to 10%. Low-grade dysplasia was found in 4 of the remaining 5 false positives.All of the 14 patients with HGIN were identified by AFI-NBI (sensitivity 100%). Limits: Uncontrolled study in high-risk patients. Conclusions: This proof-of-principle study confirms that AFI can be used as a red-flag technique to detect suspicious lesions.With NBI, detailed inspection of the surface patterns can beperformed.This combination may increase the accuracy of detecting HGIN in BE.