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低年级学生解答求两数和的简单应用题时,往往看到问句中的“一共”就不加思索地用加法计算。这是因为学生在学习过程中反复练习了这一类型的题目,强化了“一共”与“加”的联系,形成一种趋向性,看到一共就会按固定思路作出用加法计算的反应。这种思维的定向性,心理学上称为思维定势。要提高学生分析解答应用题的能力,必须消除思维定势的消极影响。其做法是:
When a junior student answers a simple application question that solves two numbers and sum, he often sees the “total” in the question without adding any extra consideration to the calculation. This is because students repeatedly practice this type of topic in the learning process, strengthening the “total” and “add” the connection, the formation of a trend, see a total will be made according to a fixed idea to calculate the additive reaction. The orientation of this thinking, psychology, known as the mindset. To improve students' abilities to analyze and answer applied questions, the negative influence of mindset must be eliminated. Its approach is: