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语文九册“基础训练7”第三题有这样一个句子:“我们全家都去看电影了,只剩下我一个人在复习功课。”编者是把它作为病句要求学生修改的。病因是“意思含糊不清”,即不合逻辑,违反了矛盾律。“全家”当然包括“我”在内、怎么会“只剩下我一个人”呢?这对判断的关系是矛盾关系。矛盾关系的判断,其中必有一真,另一为假;或一为假,另一为真。但是,在实际语言中,有时却有一对判断相矛盾而又非病句的语言现象。“全都……只有……”这种句式,不仅存在于口头上,古今名家的笔下也不乏其例。例如:
The third sentence of the ninth volume of Basic Chinese Course 7 contains a sentence: “All our family went to the movies, leaving me alone to review their homework.” The editor asked them to make corrections as a sick sentence. The etiology is “ambiguous meaning”, that is illogical, contrary to the law of contradiction. Of course, “the whole family” including “me”, how would “only me alone”? The relationship between the judgments is a contradiction. Conflicts between the judgments, which must have a true, the other is false; or one is false, the other is true. However, in the actual language, sometimes there is a pair of linguistic phenomena that are contradictory to each other and are not ill sentences. “All ... only ....” This sentence, not only exists in the mouth, ancient and modern writers are no lack of examples. E.g: