根据由具体到一般的认识规律,我把作文所需要的各种基本技能,如观察、收集、提炼主题,选材、剪裁等,分成若干个单项,再逐项进行训练,练好一项换一项。先教学生会观察事物,收集材料,再用定题材的方法,让学生通过一些特定的题材认识提炼主题是怎么回事,选材是怎回事……。以选材训练为例。我先把主题与题材的关系,什么叫选材,选材要根据主题的需要,要真实,要少而精,能揭示事物本质等等有关的基本知识教给学生,接着就做课堂练习(口头): 从下面的材料中,选取最能表现干旱情况的材料: 主题:全力以赴,积极投入抗旱。(这是上次提炼主题的训练后所写的《碗水担谷》的主题;下面的材料也来自这篇作文。) ①禾苗都枯焦了,只要一根火柴,遍地就会即时燃烧起来。②渠道干了,河底早见了天,不久前挖的土井也象是赶热闹似的,张着大口。 According to the law of understanding from the specific to the general, I will divide the basic skills required for the composition, such as observation, collection, refinement of topics, selection of materials, and tailoring, into several individual items, and then train them one by one. item. First, the students will observe things, collect materials, and then use the method of setting themes, so that students can understand and refine the theme through some specific themes. Take selection training as an example. I first put the relationship between theme and subject matter, what is the selection of materials, material selection according to the needs of the theme, to be true, to be less and refined, to reveal the nature of things, etc. to teach the students the basic knowledge, then do the classroom exercises (verbal) : From the following materials, select the material that best represents the drought situation: Topic: go all out and actively invest in drought. (This is the theme of “The Bowl of Water” written after the training on the subject of the last refinement. The following materials are also from this composition.) 1 The seedlings are dry, and if there is only one match, all over the place will instantly burn. 2 The channels were dry. The river bottom had met with the sky. The well that was dug shortly afterwards was like a bustling affair.