一、引言火炮从其问世至今已有近千年的历史了。虽然其间经历了多次重大变革,火炮的性能早已远非昔比,但作为火炮能源的发射药装药的燃烧方式却没有多大变化。除迫击炮外,发射药装药都还保持着和弹丸相分离的方式进行燃烧,即在燃烧期间大部分发射药不是和弹丸一起作加速运动,而是甚本上处于静止状态。这样就出现了膛内燃气分布不匀的现象,膛底气体量多而弹底气体量少,结果就造成弹底压力值Pd大大低于膛底压力值Pt。由内弹道学公式 Pt=Pd(1+ω/αq)可知:ω/q(ω为发射药重,q为弹丸重)的值越大,Pt和Pd值间的差异就越大。这样,对我们 First, the introduction Artillery from its advent has been nearly a thousand years of history. Although many major changes have taken place during this period, the performance of artillery has long been outdated. However, there has not been much change in the way combustion of propellant charge as artillery energy has taken place. In addition to the mortar, the propellant charge retains its combustion in a manner that is separate from the projectile, that is, most projectiles do not accelerate with the projectile during combustion, but rather are at rest. This appeared in the chamber bore uneven distribution of gas, the amount of gas at the bottom of the bore and the bottom of the gas less, resulting in the bottom pressure Pd is significantly lower than the bottom of the bore pressure value Pt. From the internal ballistic formula Pt = Pd (1 + ω / αq), it can be seen that the larger the value of ω / q (ω is the shot weight and q is the shot weight), the greater the difference between Pt and Pd. In this way, to us