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明中叶后,西洋钟表作为礼品和商品开始进入中国,最初传入地为澳门,后逐渐被中国人普遍接受。在天主教传华的历史进程中,西洋钟表扮演了至关重要的角色,成为东西方相互了解的媒介。钟表及其技术在中国的影响几乎接近于西方历法,其传播和被认知接受的速度是其他任何西方物品无法匹敌的。明末个别地区已出现国人学习钟表技术并仿制生产。入清以后,全国多处地方出现专门的钟表制造作坊并成为清代手工业中颇为独特的一行。本文拟在前人研究的基础上,进一步挖掘中西文史料,以期对明清之际西洋钟表在中国传播的几个问题展开一些更深入的探索。
After the middle of Ming Dynasty, Western clocks began to enter China as gifts and commodities. Originally introduced to Macao, they were gradually accepted by Chinese people. In the historical process of Catholicism, Western clocks played a crucial role in becoming a medium of mutual understanding between East and West. The influence of clocks and their technology in China is almost the same as in the Western calendar, and its spread and perceived acceptance are unmatched by any other Western item. In the late Ming Dynasty, there have been people learning clockwork technology and imitation of production. After entering the Qing Dynasty, specialized watchmaking workshops appeared in various places in the country and became quite unique in the handicraft industry of Qing Dynasty. Based on the previous studies, this article aims to further excavate the historical materials in both Chinese and western languages with a view to exploring some of the issues concerning the spread of Western clocks in China during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.