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一、前言二次大战前,苏联船队居于世界第二十三位。自六十年代以来,特别是“古巴导弹危机”后,苏联为应付其日益增长的对外贸易需要,改善国际收支状况;同时,为谋求海上霸权,实现其全球扩张的战略目的,在发展海军力量的同时,极力扩展其商船队。到1965年。苏联就拥有商船队715万吨(1960年仅343万吨),跃居世界第十二位,苏联海运业在国际航运舞台上初露头角。此后,在不到五分之一世纪内,苏联商船队以年平均净增近100万载重吨的速度迅速扩展。到1982年,苏联商船队已发展到2,379万吨,名列世界第五位,成为一支足以与任何一个西方海运大国抗衡的力量而活跃于世界航运市场。从1965年起,苏联商船队在满
I. Introduction Before the Second World War, the Soviet fleet was the 23rd in the world. Since the 1960s, especially after the “Cuban Missile Crisis,” the Soviet Union has been trying to improve its balance of payments in order to meet its growing foreign trade needs. In the meantime, in its quest for maritime hegemony and its global expansion, At the same time, it is trying its best to expand its merchant fleet. By 1965. The Soviet Union had 715 million tons of merchant fleets (only 343 million tons in 1960), ranking 12th in the world. The Soviet shipping industry has emerged on the international shipping arena. Since then, in less than a fifth of a century Soviet merchant fleets have rapidly expanded at an annual average net increase of nearly 1 million deadweight tons. By 1982, the Soviet merchant fleet had grown to 23.79 million tons, ranking fifth in the world and becoming an active shipping power in the world shipping market, a force enough to compete with any Western shipping power. From 1965, the Soviet merchant fleet was full