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为提高铁路运营安全风险分析的准确性、系统性及可用性,将危险与可操作性分析法(HAZOP)与量化基准偏离度组合应用于铁路运营安全风险分析。在研究铁路运营安全风险复杂性及其现状的基础上,以铁路工务专业为例,阐述HAZOP法的分析过程,主要包括单元划分、引导词选定及偏差分析等6个步骤。引入描述偏差程度的新参数偏离度,使HAZOP法能定量分析铁路运营中安全技术要素的偏差。为提高HAZOP法的效率,将专家诊断数据库等纳入开发的HAZOP辅助系统中。将HAZOP法应用于同煤集团重载铁路专用线。应用效果表明,HAZOP法及其辅助系统可使企业针对各安全技术要素的偏差动态,采取更明确的调整对策。
In order to improve the accuracy, systematicness and usability of the railway operation safety risk analysis, the combination of HAZOP and quantitative benchmark deviation is applied to the railway operation safety risk analysis. On the basis of studying the complexity and current situation of railway operation safety risk, this paper elaborates the analysis process of HAZOP method, taking railway engineering specialty as an example. It mainly includes six steps: unit division, guide word selection and deviation analysis. Introducing the deviation of new parameters to describe the degree of deviation makes the HAZOP method to quantitatively analyze the deviation of safety technical elements in railway operation. To improve the efficiency of the HAZOP method, an expert diagnostic database is included in the developed HAZOP assistance system. HAZOP method will be used in the same coal group heavy rail line. The application results show that the HAZOP method and its auxiliary system can enable enterprises to adopt a more specific adjustment strategy in response to the deviation dynamics of various safety technical elements.