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本文主要考察汉语中始于领属结构的人称代词复数形式的单数化,复数形式的单数意义由领属语位置会逐渐扩展到主语和宾语位置。核心名词的私有化或公有化程度是影响单数化的关键因素。始于领属结构的单数化遵循着如下等级序列:1.从核心的语义特征来看:集体单位>一般称谓、亲属称谓>一般名词;2.从复数人称代词自身特征来看:第一人称、第二人称>第三人称。始于领属语的单数化可用Grice提出的会话合作原则等语用原则进行解释。另外语言中还存在由第二人称代词复数到尊称单数的单数化。
This paper mainly examines the singular singularities of plural forms of personal pronouns in Chinese, and the singular meaning of plural form gradually expands from the position of subject to the position of subject and object. The privatization or the degree of public ownership of the core nouns is the key factor affecting the singular. The singular numbers that begin with the constellation follow the rankings below: 1. From the core semantic features: Collective units> general terms, kinship terms> generic terms; 2. From the personal characteristics of plural personal pronouns: first person, Two said> third person. The singularity that begins with the generic terms can be explained by the pragmatic principles such as the conversation cooperation principle proposed by Grice. In addition, there is also a singular number in the language which is composed of the second person pronoun pluralistic to the singular singular.