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企业的跨国经营是指企业在国内外的产销活动和价值增值活动以全球竞争环境为出发点而结成的一个有机网络体系。国内外经济环境的差异会给企业带来不同的影响和风险,企业只有适应环境的变化,调动和动用拥有的资源开展业务活动,才能实现预定的目标。目前,我国企业跨国经营中存在的问题已引起了社会各界的普遍关注。因此,探讨解决问题的对策有助于降低风险,带动国内企业的发展。 一、我国企业跨国经营的现状和不足 随着改革开放的逐步深入,我国企业积极开展对外投资、参与国际市场竞争,建立了一批有中国特色的跨国公司。目前,我国已拥有外销经营权的外贸企业,生产企业和科研院所已达9000多家,经营领域涉及工程承包、金融保险、咨询服务、资源开发、工农业生产、交通运输、机电纺织、旅游服务等几乎所有行业。1995年,我国出口总额达1488亿美元,对外贸易伙伴国家和地区已达227个,市场多元化战略取得了新的进展。迅猛的发展势头使得我国企业在跨国经营中难免出现一些问题和不足:
The transnational operation of an enterprise refers to an organic network system in which the company’s production and sales activities and value-added activities at home and abroad are based on the global competitive environment. Differences in economic environment at home and abroad will bring different impacts and risks to the company. Only when the company adapts to changes in the environment, mobilizes and uses its own resources to conduct business activities, can it achieve its intended goals. At present, the problems existing in the transnational operations of Chinese enterprises have attracted widespread attention from all walks of life. Therefore, exploring the countermeasures to solve the problems will help reduce the risks and stimulate the development of domestic enterprises. First, the status quo and inadequacies of Chinese enterprises’ multinational operations With the gradual deepening of reform and opening up, Chinese enterprises have actively carried out foreign investment and participated in international market competition, and established a number of multinational companies with Chinese characteristics. At present, China has foreign trade enterprises that have the right to export operations. There are more than 9,000 manufacturing enterprises and research institutes in the fields of project contracting, finance and insurance, consulting services, resource development, industrial and agricultural production, transportation, electromechanical textiles, and tourism. Services are almost all industries. In 1995, China’s total export amounted to US$148.8 billion and foreign trading partner countries and regions reached 227, and the market diversification strategy has made new progress. The rapid development momentum makes it difficult for China’s enterprises to encounter some problems and deficiencies in transnational operations: