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Aims: Calpastatin (CAST), an endogenous calpain enzymes inhibitor, negatively regulates the cleavage of calpain targets and have been implicated in inflammatory diseases, but its role in foam cell formation and atherosclerosis has not been evaluated.In this study, we focus on the effects of CAST on NFkB-mediated hyperactivation of macrophages and the following implications in foam cell formation and atherogenesis.