珍妮特·耶伦:男人世界里的新女性

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  She is a scholar, an economist, and also a politician.
  She wears a short hair, always smiling.
  She is a representative of “Doves” who cares about employment, stick to strict supervision and risk control.
  She is the first woman to head the powerful US Federal Reserve (Fed) in its history of a hundred years,
  She is Janet Yellen.
  她,一头银色短发,是学者,是经济学家,也是政客;
  她,总是挂着温和笑容;
  她,是“鸽派”代表人物,重就业,严监管,严风控。
  她,是百年美联储的首任女掌门
  她就是珍妮特·耶伦。
  The first female head of Fed
  新任女掌门
  Janet Yellen is 68 years’ old now. She has a profound academic background and an outstanding working resume. She was born on August 3, 1946 in a Jewish middle class family in Brooklyn, New York. In 1967, she graduated from Brown University with Bachelor degree in Economics and obtained the grading of outstanding student. In 1971, she got Doctorate degree in Economics from Yale University. Then she got Honorary Doctorate degree in Law from Brown University and Honorary Doctor degree in Humanity from Barnard College in 1998 and 2000 respectively.
  Yellen started working for Fed in 1977 as an economist, and then from 1994 to 1997, she was nominated by President Bill Clinton as a Governor. After that, she served as Chairman of the Economic Consultant Committee of US President and President of Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco. In 2009, she got the rotating appointment as member of Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC).
  On April 28, 2010, President Barack Obama nominated Janet Yellen to succeed Donald Kohn as Vice Chairman of Fed. On October 9, 2013, Barack Obama nominated Janet Yellen to succeed Ben Bernanke as Chairman of Fed. The senate eventually passed the nomination with 56 affirmative votes versus 26 negative votes. On February, 3, 2014, Yellen took the oath of office.
  现年68岁的珍妮特·耶伦,有着深厚的学术背景和不凡的任职履历。1946年8月3日,她出生于美国纽约布鲁克林区一个中产犹太家庭。1967年,天资聪颖的她以优等生成绩从布朗大学毕业,获经济学学士学位,1971年,获得耶鲁大学经济学博士学位。1998年和2000年,先后在布朗大学和巴德学院获得法学名誉博士学位和人文主义文学名誉博士学位。
  耶伦与美联储的渊源始于1977年她当时担任美联储经济学家。1994年至1997年,她由时任美国总统比尔·克林顿提名被任命为美联储理事,此后先后担任过美国总统经济顾问委员会主席、旧金山联邦储备银行行长,并于2009年轮任联邦公开市场委员会委员。
  2010年4月28日,美国总统奥巴马提名珍妮特·耶伦接替唐纳德·科恩出任美国联邦储备委员会副主席。2013年10月9日,奥巴马宣布提名耶伦接替伯南克出任下一任美联储主席。最终参议院以56票对26票的表决结果通过了对耶伦的提名。2014年2月3日,耶伦正式宣誓就职。
  Some people have a meteoric rise in their career, like Barack Obama. It seems that they don’t come across any obstacles and sit on the most powerful seats. On the contrary, there are also people who go up slowly and steadily, but they are unstoppable. Obviously, Janet Yellen is one of the second type.   Yellen spent many years serving for Fed, from the initial economist in the research department, to a Governor, then to the President of Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, and to the No.2 figure of FED. Yellen is not a magical person. Her name has never been as bright as the previous chairman Bernanke, but she has moved forward in this path step by step until she won president Obama’s preference over previous economic advisor summers and won the highest and most powerful position in economic field: Chairman of FED last year, at the age of 67, as a new women in a world of men.
  有一种人在事业上可谓平步青云,例如巴拉克·奥巴马,他们似乎没有遇到过多阻碍,就坐上了最高权利的宝座。但还有另一种人,他们的事业上升速度缓慢,却势不可挡。显然,珍妮特·耶伦属于第二种。
  耶伦在美联储摸爬滚打多年,从最初研究部门的经济学家,到美联储理事,到旧金山地区储备银行行长,再到美联储二号人物,耶伦并非传奇女性,她的名字从来就没有前任主席伯南克那般耀眼,但她一步一个脚印地走出了一条稳步上升的轨迹,并且直到去年,67岁的她力克奥巴马总统对前经济顾问萨默斯的偏爱,赢得了代表经济领域权利巅峰的职位:美联储主席。从此成为美联储这个男人世界里的新女性。
  A much told tale of the economist
  经济学人的一段佳话
  Many people pay attention to Yellen’s political experience in Fed and the White House. In fact, Yellen has profound academic achievements as well. She was an assistant professor in Harvard from 1971 to 1976, and then a lecturer in LSE from 1978 to 1980. She started working in Haas School of Business, UC Berkeley since 1980 and teaching macroeconomics to full time and part-time MBA students in 1980. She is now an honorary professor of Haas School of Business, UC Berkeley and has won Excellent Teaching Award twice. Yellen has written many influential papers that have been fully recognized by people in the academic field. She often writes books together with her husband, George Arthur Akerlof, professor of UC Berkeley.
  Yellen’s career reached its peak in Fed, and she also harvested love in Fed. The love story of her and her husband is a much told tale. Yellen’s husband is the winner of 2001 Nobel Economics Prize. In late 1970s, they two met in a café in Fed. The two with same interests quickly fell in love and got married. After they got married, they conducted many influential researches together in UC Berkeley. Akerlof said in his self-introduction when he won the Nobel Prize: “What we have in common is not only characteristics. We’ve reached a nearly perfect consensus in macroeconomics.”
  很多人都着重关注了耶伦在美联储和白宫工作的政治经历,其实耶伦在学术上也有非常高的造诣。耶伦最早于1971年至1976年在哈佛大学任职助理教授,1978年至1980年来到伦敦政治经济学院担任讲师,最后1980年在满负盛誉的加州大学伯克利分校哈斯商学院从事研究工作,并为全职及兼职工商管理硕士学生教授宏观经济学,现为该学院的名誉教授,并曾两次荣获该学院的杰出教学奖。耶伦写过的很多文章都被学术界广泛引用并且影响深远。她常常和自己的丈夫,伯克利教授乔治·阿克洛夫一起合著写作。   耶伦的事业在美联储起步并达到巅峰,同样也在美联储收获了自己的爱情。她和丈夫的爱情故事被传为佳话。耶伦的丈夫是2001年诺贝尔经济学奖得主,20世纪70年代末,他俩一见钟情于美联储的咖啡厅里,志趣相投的两个人迅速坠入爱河并成立了家庭。婚后,俩人在加州大学伯克利分校任教期间合作完成了多项颇有影响的研究。阿克洛夫在获得诺奖后的自我介绍中写道,“我们不仅性格非常契合,而且在宏观经济学上也一直能达成几乎完美的共识。”
  Born in an economists’ family, their son Robert Akerlof also has deep interest in economics. He has devoted himself to economics. He is now 32 years’ old and a deputy professor in Warwick University in the UK. President Obama kidded during the nomination on what would be the topics at their dinner table. The three of them are all big fans of economics, and what they discuss must be different from what ordinary people do.
  Their colleagues in UC Berkeley said that Yellen and Akerlof are meant to be a unusual couple. “How many Nobel Prize winners can study the same thing with their partners who are even more famous than them?”
  值得一提的是,耶伦全家都是经济学家。在耶伦及其丈夫的耳濡目染下,他们的儿子罗伯特·阿克洛夫也对经济产生了浓厚兴趣,投身于经济领域研究。目前年仅32岁的他已经是英国华威大学的副教授。奥巴马在提名时忍不住打趣说,可想而知耶伦一家三口——三个经济学发烧友,在餐桌上讨论的话题将是什么,和普通人应该不大一样吧。
  他们在伯克利的同事说,耶伦和阿克洛夫注定是一对不同寻常的伴侣。“能有几个诺奖得主和他的人生伴侣从事一个领域的研究,而且在名气上还略逊于自己的另一半呢?”
  Strength is the absolute principle
  有实力才是硬道理
  On the 100th anniversary of Fed, it welcomed the first woman chairman in history. Obama called Yellen the “top economist and policy-maker in US” at the nomination ceremony. He spoke highly of her insight, judgment, and ability of understanding. American economists and marketing professionals also believed that this is a well-earned appointment. The CNBC commented earlier that “Yellen will definitely become the most powerful woman in the world. Her influence may exceed German Prime Minister Merkel and President of IMF Christine Lagarde.” Even Lagarde herself said that the new chairman of Fed is the “best choice”.
  However, the world of Fed has always been a world of men. Yellen’s appointment is apparently a milestone of females in economic field. Although her female identity is very “appealing”, it is strength that makes Yellen be able to break the “glass ceilings” in a male-dominated world. In respect of professions, Yellen’s research places extra emphasis on labor market, and she studies in depth the reasons for unemployment, mechanism, countermeasures and market patterns in economic recession period.
  在美联储百岁之际,迎来了历史上首位女主席。奥巴马在提名仪式中称她为“美国最顶尖的经济学家与政策制定者”,不吝赞美之辞,称赞她出众的洞察力、判断力和理解力。美国经济学家和市场人士也普遍认为,这是一项“出色的任命”。此前更有CNBC评论称,“从美联储副主席晋升为主席的耶伦无疑将成为全球最有权势的女性,其影响力甚至可能超越德国现任总统默克尔和国际货币基金组织主席克里斯蒂娜·拉加德。”就连拉加德本人也表示,这位新任美联储主席是“现有的最佳人选”。   然而,央行的世界从来都是男人的天下,耶伦成功入主美联储当然算是女性在经济领域的一大里程碑。纵然她的女性身份十分“吸睛”,但在这个男性主宰的世界里,能打破“玻璃天花板”的耶伦更多是靠实力说话。就专业而言,耶伦的研究领域侧重于劳动力市场,对失业现象的原因、机制和对策以及经济衰退时期就业市场模式有着深入研究。
  According to her colleagues in Fed, although Yellen is a senior member of Fed, she always prepares a whole pack of materials for every meeting and always listens to others’ opinions before expressing her own ideas concisely and comprehensively. On many conferences, Yellen’s opinions are the final conclusions.
  Focusing and seriousness is the most common comment for Yellen from her colleagues and friends. Former Vice Chairman of Fed Donald Kohn once said: “Yellen has keen minds and incomparable analysis ability.” Recently, Wall Street Journal analyzed 700 predication reports by 14 policy-makers of Fed and found that Yellen’s prediction of economic situations is the most precise one.
  据昔日的美联储同事介绍,虽然耶伦是美联储元老级人物,但每次开会时,耶伦永远带着满满一整包资料,并且虽是有备而来但却不急于发表意见。先专注聆听其他人发言,最后再言简意赅、重点陈述意见。因此在很多会议上,耶伦的意见最后都会成为会议结论。
  行事专注、认真是耶伦大多数同事和朋友对她的评价。前任美联储副主席唐纳德·科恩就曾评价说,“耶伦思维敏锐,分析能力鲜有人能及”。日前,华尔街日报在对美联储14位政策制定者的700份预测报告分析后得出结论,耶伦对经济形势的预测最准确到位。
  Multiple Challenges
  挑战重重
  When accepting the nomination by Obama, Yellen expressed her determination of solving the unemployment issues in her Brooklyn accent – this is a well-known signature during her term as Vice Chairman of Fed. “Although we’ve made some progress, there is still a long way to go.” She said, “There are still too many Americans who cannot find jobs and are worried about paying bills and supporting families.” As the successor of Ben Bernanke, Yellen will face multiple challenges after assuming the office, like the balance sheet of 4000 billion dollars after several rounds of “quantitative easing” policy.
  在接受奥巴马总统提名时,笑容舒展的耶伦操持着她的布鲁克利口音,表述了自己解决居高不下的失业率问题的决心——这是她担任美联储副主席期间广为人知的一张名片。“尽管我们取得了一些进展,但前面还有一段路要走。”她说,“还有太多的美国人仍没有找到工作,仍愁着如何才能支付各种账单、才能供养家庭。”作为伯南克的接班人,耶伦上任后无疑将面对多重挑战。比如,美联储几轮“量化宽松”政策后接近4万亿美元的庞大资产负债表。
  Yellen said, “Powerful economic recovery process will make Fed curtail monetary easing policy and lower the degree of dependence on untraditional tools like asset purchase plans. I think the support for the current economic recovery process is that we should choose a reliable path and then return to a more normal monetary policy.”
  “Since the ‘dark times’ of financial crisis, the economic situations and financial system of US have made great progress, but there are still important work to do to reconquer the land lost in financial crisis and economic recession.”
  However, on February 13, 2014 when Yellen accepted the inquiry of the Finance Service Committee of the US Senate, she admitted: “From multiple angles, our employment market hasn’t returned to its normal status.”
  耶伦表示,“强劲的经济复苏进程最终将令美联储能够缩减其货币宽松措施,并降低对于资产购买计划等非传统工具的依赖程度。我认为,在今天对经济复苏进程形成支撑的是,我们需要走一条最可靠的道路,随后才重返更加正常化的货币政策。”
  “自从‘金融危机的黑暗时期’以来,美国的经济状况和金融体系都已经取得了很大的进展,但未来仍有很多的重要工作需要去做,才能“收复在金融危机和经济衰退周期中所失去的地盘”。
  然而,2014年2月13号耶伦接受众议院金融服务委员会的听证质询时承认,“从多种角度来看,我们的就业市场还没有回归常态。”
  Yellen has made history, but her Fed time has just begun.
  耶伦已经创造了历史,但耶伦的美联储时代才刚刚开启。
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