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[摘要]本文通过对近几年高考试卷的详细研读与考点考法分析，结合日常教学和生活中it的常见用法，较全面系统地归纳出高考英语中高频词it的各种常见考法，为广大学生快速掌握it的各种用法提供了一条捷径。
[关键词]高考 英语 高频词 用法
it看似很简单，却在历年高考中频繁出现，形式多样，就该词的各种用法总结如下，希望能对学生们尤其是高三的同学们有所帮助。
一、it的指代作用
It通常可以代替时间，天气，距离等，这类考题很容易，不再论述，关键是it的指代作用时与one， ones， that ，those所指代内容的区别：one用来代替单数可数名词，泛指；ones用来代替复数可数名词，泛指；that用来代替单数可数名词或不可数名词，后面有后置定语修饰；those用来代替复数可数名词，特指，相当于the +ones； it用来代替单数可数名词， 特指.试看下列试题：
1. （07陕西）—There is still a copy of the book in the library . Will you go and borrow ﹍﹍ ？
—— No， I’d rather buy ﹎﹍ in the bookstore.（07陕西）
A. it， one B. one， one C. one， it D. it， it
解析：第一空特指a copy of the book，第二空泛指书店里的书本，故选A。
2.（09全国） One of the most important questions they had to consider was ﹍﹍ of public health.
A. what B. this C. that D. which
解析：后置定语，故选C。
3.（2011福建）We have various summer camps for your holidays. You can choose ____based on your own interests.
A. either B. each C. one D. it
解析：泛指，故选C。
二、It is/was用于强调句中
It is/was +被强调部分+that…或特殊疑问词+ is/was+ it+that+其它？看下列高考题：
1.（08重庆）It was not until midnight﹍﹍they reached the campsite.
A. that B. when C. while D. as
解析：not until连在一起，空后面是陈述句，故选A，此句是not until的强调句型。
2.（06山东）I just wonder ﹍﹍that makes him so excited.
A. why it does B. what he does
C. how it is D. what it is
解析：wonder后接宾语从句缺主语，故用what，又是强调句，加上宾语从句用陈述句型，故选D。
3.——Where did you find her？
——It was in the factory﹍﹍ we worked.
A. that B. where C. which D. where
解析：此题易误选A，实际上此空它是定语从句，缺状语用where，此题完整形式是：It was in the factory where we worked that I found her.再看两例：
4.It was at 5 o’clock ﹍﹍he came here.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
5.It was 5 o’clock ﹍﹍he came here.
A.that B. which C. when D. where
解析：第4题强调时间状语，故选A，第5题5 o’clock前没有介词，是时间状语从句，故选C。顺便看一下下列固定句型： It is∕has been +时间段+since …
It will be/was +时间段+before …
6.It is 6 years ﹍﹍I began to learn English.
A. that B. before C. since D. when
7.It will be four years ﹍﹍we meet again.
A. that B. before C. since D. when
解析：记住这两个固定句型，很容易找到答案，故第6题选C，第7题选B。
三、it用作形式主语和形式宾语
1.（2012江西）It suddenly occurred to him_____he had left his keys in the office.
A. whether B. where C. which D. that
解析：此空是形式主语，真正主语是he had left his keys in the office，故选D。
2.（2011山东）The two girls are so alike that strangers find ____difficult to tell one from the other. A. it B. them C. her D. that
解析：此空是形式宾语，真正宾语是to tell one from the other ，故选A。
下面各自总结一下用作形式主语和形式宾语的句型。
四、it用作形式主语的句型
1.It is +adj. ∕n. ﹙for ∕of） sb.+ to do sth.
2.It is likely （possible ，clear ，obvious， true ）that从句
3.It is said （ reported， believed， thought， learned） that从句
4.It is suggested （ordered， required…）that+虚拟语气
It is suggested that the meeting should be put off.
5.It takes sb. Some time/sth. to do sth.
6.It seems （happens， appears…）that从句
It seems that he will be back in a few days.
7.It is no good /use doing sth.
8.It is a pity ∕a shame that从句
五、it用作形式宾语的句型：
1.We think it important to learn a foreign language.
2.We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day.
◆此类动词think，find，make，believe，feel，consider等常用+it+ adj. / n.+ to do /v-ing /that
3.I hate ﹍﹍when people talk with their mouths full.
A. it B. that C. these D. them
4.I would appreciate ﹍﹍ very much if you would help me with my English.
A. it B. that C. these D. them
◆情感类动词like，love，enjoy，hate，dislike，appreciate，prefer等常用+it+if从句或者when从句
六、其它it句型
1.It is time that…did / should +v.
It is time that children went /should go to bed.
2.It/This is the first （second…）time that+现在完成时句子
…It/This was the first （second…）time that+过去完成时句子
3.It is no wonder that… 难怪…
--- Steven has got the first prize in the maths contest.
--- ______ is no wonder that he looks so happy today.
A. As B. It C. This D. That
解析：记住固定句型，很容易选B。
总之，高考中it的考法虽千变万化，考生只要仔细阅读题干，找出it指代内容并牢记以上几种固定用法，不论题目如何变化，都可以轻松应答。
[参考文献]
[1]杜志建.《金考卷》新疆青少年出版社.2012.7
[2]孙明科.《金版新学案》（北师大版）团结出版社.2011.11
（作者单位：河南省南阳市第十一高级中学）
[关键词]高考 英语 高频词 用法
it看似很简单，却在历年高考中频繁出现，形式多样，就该词的各种用法总结如下，希望能对学生们尤其是高三的同学们有所帮助。
一、it的指代作用
It通常可以代替时间，天气，距离等，这类考题很容易，不再论述，关键是it的指代作用时与one， ones， that ，those所指代内容的区别：one用来代替单数可数名词，泛指；ones用来代替复数可数名词，泛指；that用来代替单数可数名词或不可数名词，后面有后置定语修饰；those用来代替复数可数名词，特指，相当于the +ones； it用来代替单数可数名词， 特指.试看下列试题：
1. （07陕西）—There is still a copy of the book in the library . Will you go and borrow ﹍﹍ ？
—— No， I’d rather buy ﹎﹍ in the bookstore.（07陕西）
A. it， one B. one， one C. one， it D. it， it
解析：第一空特指a copy of the book，第二空泛指书店里的书本，故选A。
2.（09全国） One of the most important questions they had to consider was ﹍﹍ of public health.
A. what B. this C. that D. which
解析：后置定语，故选C。
3.（2011福建）We have various summer camps for your holidays. You can choose ____based on your own interests.
A. either B. each C. one D. it
解析：泛指，故选C。
二、It is/was用于强调句中
It is/was +被强调部分+that…或特殊疑问词+ is/was+ it+that+其它？看下列高考题：
1.（08重庆）It was not until midnight﹍﹍they reached the campsite.
A. that B. when C. while D. as
解析：not until连在一起，空后面是陈述句，故选A，此句是not until的强调句型。
2.（06山东）I just wonder ﹍﹍that makes him so excited.
A. why it does B. what he does
C. how it is D. what it is
解析：wonder后接宾语从句缺主语，故用what，又是强调句，加上宾语从句用陈述句型，故选D。
3.——Where did you find her？
——It was in the factory﹍﹍ we worked.
A. that B. where C. which D. where
解析：此题易误选A，实际上此空它是定语从句，缺状语用where，此题完整形式是：It was in the factory where we worked that I found her.再看两例：
4.It was at 5 o’clock ﹍﹍he came here.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
5.It was 5 o’clock ﹍﹍he came here.
A.that B. which C. when D. where
解析：第4题强调时间状语，故选A，第5题5 o’clock前没有介词，是时间状语从句，故选C。顺便看一下下列固定句型： It is∕has been +时间段+since …
It will be/was +时间段+before …
6.It is 6 years ﹍﹍I began to learn English.
A. that B. before C. since D. when
7.It will be four years ﹍﹍we meet again.
A. that B. before C. since D. when
解析：记住这两个固定句型，很容易找到答案，故第6题选C，第7题选B。
三、it用作形式主语和形式宾语
1.（2012江西）It suddenly occurred to him_____he had left his keys in the office.
A. whether B. where C. which D. that
解析：此空是形式主语，真正主语是he had left his keys in the office，故选D。
2.（2011山东）The two girls are so alike that strangers find ____difficult to tell one from the other. A. it B. them C. her D. that
解析：此空是形式宾语，真正宾语是to tell one from the other ，故选A。
下面各自总结一下用作形式主语和形式宾语的句型。
四、it用作形式主语的句型
1.It is +adj. ∕n. ﹙for ∕of） sb.+ to do sth.
2.It is likely （possible ，clear ，obvious， true ）that从句
3.It is said （ reported， believed， thought， learned） that从句
4.It is suggested （ordered， required…）that+虚拟语气
It is suggested that the meeting should be put off.
5.It takes sb. Some time/sth. to do sth.
6.It seems （happens， appears…）that从句
It seems that he will be back in a few days.
7.It is no good /use doing sth.
8.It is a pity ∕a shame that从句
五、it用作形式宾语的句型：
1.We think it important to learn a foreign language.
2.We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day.
◆此类动词think，find，make，believe，feel，consider等常用+it+ adj. / n.+ to do /v-ing /that
3.I hate ﹍﹍when people talk with their mouths full.
A. it B. that C. these D. them
4.I would appreciate ﹍﹍ very much if you would help me with my English.
A. it B. that C. these D. them
◆情感类动词like，love，enjoy，hate，dislike，appreciate，prefer等常用+it+if从句或者when从句
六、其它it句型
1.It is time that…did / should +v.
It is time that children went /should go to bed.
2.It/This is the first （second…）time that+现在完成时句子
…It/This was the first （second…）time that+过去完成时句子
3.It is no wonder that… 难怪…
--- Steven has got the first prize in the maths contest.
--- ______ is no wonder that he looks so happy today.
A. As B. It C. This D. That
解析：记住固定句型，很容易选B。
总之，高考中it的考法虽千变万化，考生只要仔细阅读题干，找出it指代内容并牢记以上几种固定用法，不论题目如何变化，都可以轻松应答。
[参考文献]
[1]杜志建.《金考卷》新疆青少年出版社.2012.7
[2]孙明科.《金版新学案》（北师大版）团结出版社.2011.11
（作者单位：河南省南阳市第十一高级中学）