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[目的]观察双外周静脉同步换血治疗新生儿重度高胆红素血症的疗效及对血细胞和生化指标的影响。[方法]回顾性研究2009年6月至2010年12月在本院新生儿重症监护室（NICU）行双外周静脉同步换血治疗的63例重度高胆红素血症患儿的相关指标。[结果]换血后总胆红素（TBIL）、间接胆红素（IBIL）、直接胆红素（DB）下降，差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05），换出率分别为57．61％、56．56％和47．09％；换血后红细胞（RBC）、血红蛋白（Hb）、血细胞比容（HCT）上升，但差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05），血小板（PLT）及WBC下降，差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05），K＋浓度升高，差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05），但均在正常范围，Ca2＋、血糖（BS）、pH变化不显著。[结论]双外周静脉同步换血治疗新生儿重度高胆红素血症快速、安全、有效。“,”[Objective] To observe the efficacy of dual peripheral venous synchronization exchange transfu-sion for the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and the impact on blood cells and biochemical indexes .[Methods] The relevant indexes of 63 cases of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia receiving dual peripheral venous synchronization exchange transfusion in NICU of our hospital from Jun .2009 to Dec .2010 were analyzed ret-rospectively .[Results] TB ,IB and DB after blood exchange transfusion decreased ,and there was significant difference( P 0 .05) .PLT and WBC after blood exchange transfusion decreased ,and there was significant difference ( P < 0 .05) .The K+concentration increased ,and there was significant difference( P<0 .05) ,but it was in the normal range .The change of Ca2+ ,BS and PH was not significant .[Conclusion]Dual peripheral venous exchange transfusion for the treatment of neonatal severe hyperbilirubinemia is fast ,safe and effective .