幽灵船探秘:玛丽·塞勒斯特号之谜

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  1872年12月4日傍晚,英国双桅帆船德·格瑞第亚号航行至大西洋的亚速尔群岛附近。船上望员发现玛丽·塞勒斯特号在全速航行,但显得十分诡异。于是,德·格瑞第亚号的船长派人上船查看是怎么一回事。奇怪的是,船上一切正常,船帆、食物一应俱全;但是六分仪、救生筏和所有船员都消失不见了。船上没有任何打斗迹象,船员的随身物品和货物也没被移动过——难道德·格瑞第亚号遇上了传说中的鬼船?
  Some of the 1)maritime world’s most deep-rooted 2)mysteries involve ships that disappear only to reappear as ghostly 3)apparitions upon the waves.
  Loren Coleman (Author of Mysterious America): Are there other worlds? Are there fourth dimensions? I’m not afraid to say I don’t know. People disappear. They’ve been disappearing for hundreds of years, and these ships show up, and I think it’s a[n] incredible mystery.
  Dan Conlin (Maritime Museum of the Atlantic): There’s a whole 4)realm of ghostly folklore at sea starting with 5)forerunners, which are ghostly 6)predictions of disaster, and there’s a rich tradition of those founded on the very fear of all those 7)unpredictable, horrible things that happen at sea.
  But mystery ships can be even more 8)bewildering when one appears but its crew, quite definitely, does not. The most 9)inscrutable of such mysteries is the famous, or 10)infamous, Mary Celeste.
  A 11)wintry morning in 1872, Captain Benjamin Briggs, his wife Sarah, their two-year-old daughter, Sophia, and a crew of seven set sail on the Canadian-built 12)brigantine Mary Celeste from New York harbor 13)bound for Genoa, Italy. Their 14)cargo was 1,700 barrels of 15)industrial alcohol. They were sailing in November, never a good time to be in the North Atlantic. But, despite bad weather, things appeared ship-shape for the first few weeks of the journey.


  The Mary Celeste was not alone on the wide Atlantic seas. Eight days after she left New York, another double-16)masted brigantine, the Dei Gratia, left the same harbor bound for Europe. Like the Mary Celeste, she also carried ten people. Late in the afternoon of December 4th, 1872, the 17)lookout on the Dei Gratia spied something in the distance. Captain David Morehouse of the Dei Gratia sent his 18)first mate, Oliver Deveau, and two others to 19)inspect the mysterious ship.
  Stanley Spicer (Author of The Saga of the Mary Celeste): They probably had a very 20)eerie feeling. You know, you climb aboard this 21)vessel, and here in the 22)after cabin the 23)skylight is open, the cabin door is open, everything is wet, not a sign of life.
  Clearly, things didn’t 24)add up. The ship had food, water, working sails, a working pump, even a sewing machine and a 25)melodeon, a 19th century version of a 26)portable piano. The cargo, except for a few broken barrels, was 27)secure in the hold. They’d left behind tobacco, oilskin raincoats and the captain’s 28)log. What was missing were the 29)sextant, the lifeboat and every human aboard the Mary Celeste.   Deveau returned to the Dei Gratia and asked Captian Morehouse for 30)permission to sail the
  Mary Celeste 600 miles to Gibraltar and there claim the salvage rights注. Morehouse said yes to Deveau. The 31)authorities were immediately 32)suspicious, convinced there had been 33)foul play. A hearing was 34)convened. The case made headlines around the world. Some speculated that perhaps pirates had come aboard and kidnapped the crew. Others thought an arrangement between the captains of the Mary Celeste and the Dei Gratia somehow went sour, and that 35)sparked a fight.
  The cabins were wet with salt water. Perhaps there had been a sudden 36)water spout washing the people 37)overboard. There appeared to be no clear answer.
  Over the years, the search for a true answer to the Mary Celeste puzzle has come to center on the ship’s cargo.
  Conlin: She had a cargo of industrial alcohol, which has very 38)potent 39)fumes, and had had a patch of rough weather. And one of her 40)hatches had been pulled open, probably to 41)vent the cargo, and that may have, sort of, created a sort of a very 42)ominous “43)whooshing” noise and a…and a…and a smell like the ship was about to explode, and Mary Celeste’s crew probably did a temporary 44)evacuation to let their ship vent, fearing an explosion.
  Ted Henke (Senior Vice President of Oil Insurance Limited): And it could be that a 45)gale came up at that point and simply blew the ship away. And it’s…it’s a kind of a 46)chilling thought to think of ten people in a small boat watching their brig just sail away into the ocean. Their chances of survival were 47)nil at that point.
  But nothing conclusively explains what happened. 48)Ultimately, it may be impossible to know the truth.


  在海洋世界里,其中一类最为经久不衰的谜团就是那些失踪船只重现人世,宛如漂在海上的幽灵幻象。
  洛伦·科尔曼(《美国怪谈》作者):其他世界存在吗?四次元存在吗?老实说吧,我也不知道。世上不断有人失踪,几百年来,这种现象层出不穷。而这些鬼船出现了,真是一个非常吸引人的谜团。
  丹·康林(大西洋海洋博物馆):从先辈们那个时代以来,海上一直流传着各种各样的鬼魅传说,这些往往是灾难的预兆。航海中可能发生各种不可预知的可怕情况,很多故事的产生正是源于对此的恐惧。
  不过,当船只出现,但船员显然都消失了的时候,神秘船(的情况)就更加扑朔迷离了。在这一类谜团中,最不可思议的要数名声赫赫——又或者该说是臭名昭著的玛丽·塞勒斯特号。
  1872年的一个冬日早晨,本杰明·布里格斯船长与他的妻子萨拉带着他们两岁的女儿苏菲亚,以及七名船员一起登上在加拿大制造的双桅帆船玛丽·塞勒斯特号,从纽约港出发,前往意大利的热那亚。船上还有1700桶工业酒精。他们出发时是11月,这并不是在北大西洋航海的好时节。不过,虽然天气恶劣,在这趟旅程刚开始的那几周,一切似乎还是井井有条的。
  在辽阔的大西洋海域上航行的并不止玛丽·塞勒斯特号一艘船。在它离开纽约八天后,另一艘双桅帆船德·格瑞第亚号在同一个港口出发前往欧洲。和玛丽·塞勒斯特号一样,这艘船上也有十个人。1872年12月4日傍晚,德·格瑞第亚号的望员发现远处有些东西。大卫·莫尔豪斯船长让大副奥利佛·狄佛带着两名船员前往这艘神秘船上侦察情况。
  斯坦利·斯派塞(《玛丽·塞勒斯特号传奇》作者):他们大概也感到有点恐怖不安。你瞧,你登上这艘船,发现后舱室的天窗开着,舱门也没关上,船上到处都是湿漉漉的,不见一个人影。
  显然有点儿不对劲。船上有食物和水,船帆和水泵都可以用,甚至还有一台缝纫机和一个簧风琴,也就是一种19世纪便携式钢琴。除了几个破碎的木桶以外,船舱里面并无大碍。他们留下了烟草、油布雨衣以及船长的航海日志,而六分仪、救生筏以及船上的所有人则从“玛丽·塞勒斯特”号上消失无踪了。
  狄佛回到德·格瑞第亚号上,请莫尔豪斯船长批准将玛丽·塞勒斯特号行驶到600英里(约965.61公里)外的直布罗陀申请救难奖金。莫尔豪斯同意了狄佛的请求。有关当局马上起了疑心,他们认为这是一个骗局,于是召开了一个听证会。世界各地纷纷以头条报道了这一案件。有些人猜测是海盗上船绑架了船员。其他人则认为是玛丽·塞勒斯特号与德·格瑞第亚号的两名船长达成了什么协议,但事情出了岔子,因而引发了一场打斗。
  船舱都被海水浸湿了——也许是一场突如其来的水龙卷让船上的人都落海了。但似乎哪里都没有明确的答案。
  多年以来,对于玛丽·塞勒斯特号之谜,其船上货物逐渐成为搜寻真相的重心所在。
  康林:船上载有工业酒精,这种东西能散发出浓烟,船又遇上了坏天气。其中一个舱口被打开了,大概船员是打算给船货减压,而这就有可能产生一种不祥的“嘶嘶”声,以及……还会飘来一股气味,好像帆船马上就要爆炸似的。玛丽·塞勒斯特号的船员也许决定丢下船临时疏散,以免遇上爆炸。
  特德·亨克(石油保险互保公司高级副总裁):也有可能就在那时刮来了一阵大风,就这样把船给吹走了。那是……小船上这十个人眼睁睁地看着他们的帆船在海上越漂越远,光想象一下就觉得心寒。在那种情况下,他们的生还机会等于零。
  不过,一直没有决定性的结论能够解释这一切,真相也许永远都不得而知。
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