由于遗传工程有着特殊的优越性,不仅在工业,农业方面大有作为,而且在医学方面也将大有作为。医学上应用遗传工程技术治疗遗传性疾病称为基因治疗。人体内至少有5万种以上的蛋白质,每种蛋白质都受一至若干基因所控制。如果基因发生了突变,甚至很微小的只涉及一个碱基的变化,也可能合成结构异常的蛋白质(包括酶)。蛋白质结构异常往往导致功能的改变而出现相应的病理变化,这就是遗传病。遗传病都程度不同地危害着人类的健康,目前,已发现的遗传病超过3000种。过去一直认为遗传病是不能治疗的,近年来的研究表明, Due to the special superiority of genetic engineering, not only industrialization and agriculture can accomplish much, but also great achievements can be made in medicine. The use of genetic engineering techniques in medical treatment of hereditary diseases is called gene therapy. There are at least 50,000 kinds of proteins in the human body, and each protein is controlled by one to several genes. If the gene is mutated, even tiny changes that involve only one base, it is possible to synthesize structurally abnormal proteins (including enzymes). Abnormal protein structure often leads to changes in the function of the corresponding pathological changes, which is the genetic disease. All genetic diseases endanger human health in varying degrees. At present, more than 3,000 genetic diseases have been discovered. It has been considered in the past that genetic diseases cannot be treated. Recent studies have shown that