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清末天津卫生事业的发展与市民卫生观的初步确立,既由当时天津独特的政治、经济、文化和地理环境所决定,又与西学东渐的刺激密切相连。都统衙门时期建立的卫生机构及其推行的卫生举措,将天津的卫生事业初步导入正轨;袁世凯当政时期,又使之得到进一步的完善与发展。此外,各种社会力量的参与,尤其是士绅阶层的积极干预,是推动天津卫生事业发展与卫生观普及的重要因素。而清末发生在天津的两次大瘟疫,则是促使市民卫生观确立与强化的直接诱因。与此同时,“讲求卫生”作为当时地方自治的重要子课题,也契合了开民智、新民德、强国保种的时代要求,对于塑造新式市民形象、推动天津城市的近代化有不可忽视之功。
The development of health undertakings in Tianjin in the late Qing Dynasty and the initial establishment of the concept of public health were not only determined by the unique political, economic, cultural and geographical environment in Tianjin at the time, but also closely linked with the stimulus of Western learning. The health agencies established during the reign of the Yamen and the health measures they implemented have initially brought the health undertakings of Tianjin into the right track. During the reign of Yuan Shikai, they were further perfected and developed. In addition, the participation of various social forces, especially the active intervention by the gentry, is an important factor in promoting the development of public health in Tianjin and the universalization of health outlook. The two plagues that took place in Tianjin in the late Qing Dynasty were the direct inducement to establish and reinforce the concept of public health. At the same time, “stressing sanitation” as an important sub-topic of local autonomy at the time also meets the requirements of the times of opening up the people’s wisdom, the new people’s virtue and preserving the power of the country, and can not be ignored in shaping the image of a new citizenry and promoting the modernization of Tianjin’s city Power.