通过对塔里木盆地阿瓦提—巴楚地区10口探井的石炭系—下三叠统的大孢子进行研究，建立了石炭纪—早三叠世大孢子组合5个（包括早石炭世、晚石炭世、早二叠世、晚二叠世及早三叠世大孢子组合各1个），并对国内外相关层位的大孢子组合进行了对比，讨论了其所在层位的地质时代。笔者为首次报道该地区早石碳世和二叠纪大孢子组合，对本区及邻区今后开展地层古生物研究及油气勘探研究意义重大。 By studying the Carboniferous-Lower Triassic megaspores of 10 exploration wells in the Awati-Bachu area, Tarim Basin, five Carboniferous-Early Triassic megaspore assemblages (including Early Carboniferous and Late Carboniferous The Middle Permian, the Early Permian and the Late Permian and Early Triassic megaspores), and compared the assemblages of megaspores in the related strata at home and abroad, and discussed the geologic age of the strata in which they lived. The author reports for the first time that the Early Carboniferous and Permian megaspore assemblages in this area are of great significance to the study of the paleosol and the exploration of oil and gas in this area and its adjacent areas in the future.