全面理解按劳分配,需要认识马克思设想的条件和分析角度与目的。各要素共同参与收入分配,是提高分配制度激励和约束功能的内在要求。按劳分配和按劳动力价值分配是两个不同层面而又相互联系、密不可分的概念。按劳分配通过劳动力价值加成和国家的收入再分配政策得以实现,它体现于微观与宏观、初次分配与再分配的统一运动中。 To fully understand the distribution according to work, we need to understand the conditions and the angles and purposes of Marx’s vision. The participation of all elements in income distribution is an inherent requirement to enhance the incentive and restraint functions of the distribution system. Distribution according to work and distribution according to labor force are two different levels of interconnected and inseparable concepts. The distribution of labor according to work can be realized through the addition of labor value and the state’s redistribution policy, which is embodied in the unified movement of microcosmic, macroscopic, primary distribution and redistribution.