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在18世纪的东普鲁士,有一个风景秀丽的小城哥尼斯堡,坐落在普雷格乐河畔。河当中有两个岛,人们在河两岸及河中小岛间建立了七座桥,将它们连结成一个美丽的公园(图1)。河中的小岛A与河的左岸B、右岸C各有两座桥相连结,河中两支流间的陆地D与A、B、C各有一座桥相连结。当时哥尼斯堡的居民中流传着一道难题:一个人怎样才能一次走遍七座桥,每座桥只走过一次,最后回到出发点?当地的人们都试图解开这个难题,在桥上来来回回不知走了多少回,然而却始终不得其解。
In the 18th century in East Prussia, there is a scenic little town of Konigsberg, situated on the banks of the Preglé River. There are two islands in the river, and people have established seven bridges on the banks of the river and among the river islands, linking them into a beautiful park (Figure 1). The island A in the river is connected to the left bank B and the right bank C of the river by two bridges. The land D between the two rivers is connected to A, B, and C by a bridge. At the time, there was a difficult problem among the residents of Konigsberg: how can a person travel through seven bridges at a time, each bridge only once, and finally return to the starting point? The local people are trying to solve this problem and come back and forth on the bridge. I do not know how many times to go back, but it has never been understood.