根据热力学第二定律来判断系统的平衡态时,常用的判据有三个:熵判据、亥姆霍兹函数判据(最小亥姆霍兹函数原则)和吉布斯函数判据(最小吉布斯函数原则)。由于后两个判据可以看成是熵判据的推论,需要加以讨论的就是一个熵判据。在现行物理化学教材中,由于导出熵判据时未把“可逆过程”与“平衡态”这两个 According to the second law of thermodynamics to judge the equilibrium state of the system, there are three commonly used criteria: entropy criterion, Helmholtz criterion (minimum Helmholtz principle) and Gibbs criterion Booth function principle). Since the last two criteria can be regarded as inference of entropy criterion, what needs to be discussed is an entropy criterion. In the current textbook of physical chemistry, due to the derivation of entropy criterion did not “reversible process” and “equilibrium state” of these two