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被诺贝尔文学奖赞为“权力结构描绘典范”的小说《绿房子》突出表现了作家巴尔加斯·略萨的叙事本质主义,其表层叙事在于通过零件组合、并置拼贴、对位话语等手法营造多面体的后殖民世界,借以控诉造成秘鲁社会支离破碎的强权帝国。而纵观其小说深层叙述可以发现略萨不作明示、甚至是无意识的多重不可靠叙事。在叙事者和隐含作者形成悖反的声音背后,隐藏着略萨所经历的拉美社会现实的复杂性、所追求的小说艺术理想的复杂性以及自身伦理选择的复杂性。多重不可靠叙事的形成原因和作用结果正是后殖民作家略萨对伦理身份的诉求和反思的综合体,同时也折射出帝国殖民造成的伦理失序之严重和伦理重建之艰难。
The novel “Green House,” praised by the Nobel Prize for literature as a “model of the structure of power,” highlights the author’s narrative essentialism by Vargas Llosa. The superficial narrative lies in the combination of parts and collages, Bit discourse and other tactics to create a multi-faceted post-colonial world in order to prosecute the Peruvian empire caused by power fragmentation. Looking at the depth narration in his novels can find Llosa does not make explicit, even uninhibited multiple unreliable narratives. Behind the contradictory voices of the narrator and the implied author, there are hidden the complexity of Llosa’s social reality, the complex artistic ideal pursued by the novel and the complexity of his own ethical choice. The formation and function of multiple unreliable narratives are just the result of the postcolonial writer Llosa’s aspiration and reflection on ethical identity. At the same time, it reflects the serious ethical disorder caused by imperial colonization and the difficulty of ethical reconstruction.