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【摘 要】 从当前初中生的写作来看,很多学生还不能文从字顺地表达,原因是学生在写作技巧方面匮乏。文章就针对这一实际,提出写作教学五步法进行探究。
【关键词】 初中英语 写作 审 列 加 联 美
虽然初中学生在词语方面还不够丰富,写作不能做到信手拈来,但掌握一定的写作技巧,对提高学生的写作能力,具有积极意义。
一、仔细审题,弄清中心
审题,就是弄清楚题目意思,弄清楚已经知道什么以及要求什么(已知和未知)。和审题密切相关的是所谓的“问题表征”。问题表征是指解题者通过审题,认识和了解问题的结构,通过联想,激活头脑中与之相关的知识经验,从而形成对所要解决的问题的一种完整的印象。在审题过程中其主要方法有寻找关键词、缩句、整理顺序,看清层次、画图帮助理解题意和列表梳理信息。如图1所示,写作要求为在学习和工作的压力日趋增大的今天,会休息的人才会有健康的身体。人们是如何度过假期的呢?国际健康组织对此作了一次调查,图1是他们此次的调查结果。根据你所得的信息,请为国际健康组织写一篇完整的调查报告,并提倡大家进行假日休闲。看到这一要求后,要能从材料和图形中抓住“如何度过假期”、“调查报告”、“倡议”、“假日休闲”等关键词来确定主题。
二、根据题意,列出要点
用简单的句子或短语列出文章要点。在这个过程中,首先是要根据写作要求找到要点,如上例中的要点为如何度假、调查报告、倡议假日休闲,接下来才能根据要点来列出相关的句子,如A lot of people travel.Some people stay at home. Some other people visit friends or parents. A few people work.Enjoy your vacation.
其次是要能对文章结构有个大致安排:如How do people spend their vacation? We made a survey and here is our survey report. (a nice head) A lot of people travel. Some people stay at home. Some other people visit friends or parents. A few people work. (a nice body) Come and enjoy your vacation. People who relax well work well. (a nice tail)
三、顺序练习,首尾呼应
有了要点,还要将要点有序地连接起来才能成文,这就需要教师在教学中通过排序的方式来对学生进行这方面的训练。如将打乱的句子进行排序:Every school has its own rules for students. First, we have to wear our uniforms to go to school, though most of us don’t like them at all. Second, we should keep quiet in the library. Third, we must do lots of homework.
四、用关联词,过渡自然
文章要做到有头有尾,还需保证各个段落间层次清晰,而这就需要借助关联词来进行,恰当运用关联词句,使得文章层次清晰,各个部分衔接自然是保证语句通顺,上下自然段自然的需要。
在初中英语教学中常用的关联词有表并列或递进的有and, as well as, both ... and, not only ... but also等;表选择的如or, either ... or等;表转折的如but, however, although等;表条件的如if, unless;表对比的如on the one hand ... on the other hand;表顺序的如next, later, since then, from then on, finally, in the end;对关联词的训练要做到日日行,即在每次课堂教学中,在问答过程中,或学生日常口语表达中去应用。
五、润色文章,力求完美
美化文章即对文章的润色。选好词句,美化文章。在有把握的情况下展示自己的语言功底。
如According to it, most people. Then some people like to stay at home, And to visit friends or parents. However, a few people have to work.经过润色后可如:According to it, most people choose to travel to get away from the busy world during the holidays. Then some people like to stay at home, watching TV or surfing the Internet to have a good rest. And to visit friends or parents also makes them relaxed. However, a few people have to work.
六、结束语
写作需要的不仅仅是单词量,更需要一定的表达技巧,在初中英语教学中引导学生掌握一定的表达技巧,能较好地提高学生的写作能力,也能促进学生表达能力的提高。
[1] 教育部. 义务教育英语课程标准[M]. 北京:人民教育出版社, 2007.
【关键词】 初中英语 写作 审 列 加 联 美
虽然初中学生在词语方面还不够丰富,写作不能做到信手拈来,但掌握一定的写作技巧,对提高学生的写作能力,具有积极意义。
一、仔细审题,弄清中心
审题,就是弄清楚题目意思,弄清楚已经知道什么以及要求什么(已知和未知)。和审题密切相关的是所谓的“问题表征”。问题表征是指解题者通过审题,认识和了解问题的结构,通过联想,激活头脑中与之相关的知识经验,从而形成对所要解决的问题的一种完整的印象。在审题过程中其主要方法有寻找关键词、缩句、整理顺序,看清层次、画图帮助理解题意和列表梳理信息。如图1所示,写作要求为在学习和工作的压力日趋增大的今天,会休息的人才会有健康的身体。人们是如何度过假期的呢?国际健康组织对此作了一次调查,图1是他们此次的调查结果。根据你所得的信息,请为国际健康组织写一篇完整的调查报告,并提倡大家进行假日休闲。看到这一要求后,要能从材料和图形中抓住“如何度过假期”、“调查报告”、“倡议”、“假日休闲”等关键词来确定主题。
二、根据题意,列出要点
用简单的句子或短语列出文章要点。在这个过程中,首先是要根据写作要求找到要点,如上例中的要点为如何度假、调查报告、倡议假日休闲,接下来才能根据要点来列出相关的句子,如A lot of people travel.Some people stay at home. Some other people visit friends or parents. A few people work.Enjoy your vacation.
其次是要能对文章结构有个大致安排:如How do people spend their vacation? We made a survey and here is our survey report. (a nice head) A lot of people travel. Some people stay at home. Some other people visit friends or parents. A few people work. (a nice body) Come and enjoy your vacation. People who relax well work well. (a nice tail)
三、顺序练习,首尾呼应
有了要点,还要将要点有序地连接起来才能成文,这就需要教师在教学中通过排序的方式来对学生进行这方面的训练。如将打乱的句子进行排序:Every school has its own rules for students. First, we have to wear our uniforms to go to school, though most of us don’t like them at all. Second, we should keep quiet in the library. Third, we must do lots of homework.
四、用关联词,过渡自然
文章要做到有头有尾,还需保证各个段落间层次清晰,而这就需要借助关联词来进行,恰当运用关联词句,使得文章层次清晰,各个部分衔接自然是保证语句通顺,上下自然段自然的需要。
在初中英语教学中常用的关联词有表并列或递进的有and, as well as, both ... and, not only ... but also等;表选择的如or, either ... or等;表转折的如but, however, although等;表条件的如if, unless;表对比的如on the one hand ... on the other hand;表顺序的如next, later, since then, from then on, finally, in the end;对关联词的训练要做到日日行,即在每次课堂教学中,在问答过程中,或学生日常口语表达中去应用。
五、润色文章,力求完美
美化文章即对文章的润色。选好词句,美化文章。在有把握的情况下展示自己的语言功底。
如According to it, most people. Then some people like to stay at home, And to visit friends or parents. However, a few people have to work.经过润色后可如:According to it, most people choose to travel to get away from the busy world during the holidays. Then some people like to stay at home, watching TV or surfing the Internet to have a good rest. And to visit friends or parents also makes them relaxed. However, a few people have to work.
六、结束语
写作需要的不仅仅是单词量,更需要一定的表达技巧,在初中英语教学中引导学生掌握一定的表达技巧,能较好地提高学生的写作能力,也能促进学生表达能力的提高。
[1] 教育部. 义务教育英语课程标准[M]. 北京:人民教育出版社, 2007.