启发式是毛主席的十大教授法之一。毛主席在《矛盾论》中说:“唯物辩证法认为外因是变化的条件,内因是变化的根据,外因通过内因而起作用。”所以,启发式教授法,就是唯物辩证法的观点在教学工作中的具体运用。它告诉了我们,在教与学的过程中,学生学习的积极性和主动性起着决定的作用,是内因;而教师的地位和作用,应该体现为,如何在教学中激发学生学习的自觉性,指导学生的学习方法,以及培养学生分析问题和解决问题的能力。因此,提倡启发式,废止注入式,就是要在教学中坚持唯物辩证法,反对形而上学的外因论和被动论。启发式最根本的工作是思想工作,也就是要启发学生明确为谁而学习的问题,只有学生具有正确的学习目的之后,他们才能够胸怀世界,高瞻远瞩,勇于克服主观和客观上的一切困难,出色地完成学习任务,这 Heuristic is one of Chairman Mao’s ten teaching methods. Chairman Mao said in his “Theory of Contradiction”: “The materialist dialectics thinks that the external cause is the condition for change, the internal cause is the basis for change, and the external cause works through the inside.” Therefore, the heuristic teaching method is the view of materialist dialectics in teaching work. The specific use. It tells us that in the process of teaching and learning, the enthusiasm and initiative of student learning play a decisive role. It is an internal cause; and the position and role of the teacher should be reflected in how to stimulate student learning consciousness in teaching. Guide students’ learning methods and develop students’ ability to analyze problems and solve problems. Therefore, advocating heuristics and abolishing injections means that we must insist on materialist dialectics in teaching and oppose metaphysics and passive theory of metaphysics. The most fundamental work of heuristic is ideological work, which is to inspire students to learn clearly for whom. Only after the students have the correct purpose of learning can they be able to look to the world, be farsighted, and overcome all subjective and objective difficulties. Excellent learning tasks, this