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深入认识农户生活能源选择与区域地理特征的关系,有助于科学制定农村生活能源政策,合理引导家庭用能发展。基于临渭区的问卷调查数据与遥感影像资料,利用ArcGIS软件及贡献率模型,探究了渭河下游农户生活用能对区域地理特征的响应,结果表明:①地理特征影响区域用能结构。平原型地区交通便利,化石能源使用量大;台塬地区种植业发达,清洁生物能源沼气利用多;丘陵地区林木丰富,薪柴使用占绝对主导地位。②不同能源对地理特征响应不一。作物秸秆利用与公路覆盖、地形(高程、地形起伏与坡度)负相关,与耕地相关性弱;薪柴消费对地形、建设用地、耕地等因素响应明显;煤炭与公路覆盖、建设用地、耕地等因素正相关,坡度大、林地多,用煤受影响;沼气在交通好的地方或林草地多、高程与地形起伏大的山区发展受限,在耕地与人口多的地方,有采用优势。③优势能源类型的功能分区可有效服务于政策调控。山区内部单独使用薪柴的可能性高,平原与台塬地区更适于发展沼气或煤炭与沼气混用。④农户生活用能受多方面因素影响,地理特征具有重要的基础性作用,尤其对于不同类型区域。土地利用、交通条件等发生变化可直接引起区域用能的结构调整。
In-depth understanding of the relationship between household energy choices and geographical features helps to formulate policies on rural life energy and reasonably guide the development of household energy use. Based on the questionnaire survey data and remote sensing image data in Linwei district, the ArcGIS software and contribution rate model were used to investigate the response of the household energy consumption to the regional geographic features in the lower reaches of the Weihe River. The results showed that: (1) Geographical characteristics affected regional energy use structure. The plains area has convenient transportation and large amount of fossil fuels; the developed planted area in Taiwan Plateau and the utilization of clean biogas biogas; the abundant forest and the use of fuel wood in the hilly areas are dominant. ② different energy response to different geographical features. Crop straw utilization is negatively related to road coverage, topography (elevation, topographic relief and slope) and weak correlation with cultivated land; fuelwood consumption has obvious response to topography, construction land and cultivated land; coal and road coverage, construction land and cultivated land There are positive correlations with factors such as large slope, large amount of woodland, and coal use. Biogas is more developed in areas with good traffic conditions or with more forest and grassland. There is limited development in mountainous areas where elevation and topography fluctuate greatly. There are advantages in using cultivated land and populous places. ③ The dominant energy type of functional zones can effectively serve the policy control. There is a high possibility of using firewood alone in the mountains, and the plains and the Taiyuan area are more suitable for the development of biogas or the mixture of coal and biogas. ④ Households’ living energy can be influenced by many factors. Geographical characteristics have an important basic role, especially for different types of areas. Changes in land use and traffic conditions can directly result in structural adjustment of energy use in the region.