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有明一代,明廷对福建州县共进行了13次调整变更,这些调整在很大程度上决定了当今福建省县、市行政单位的面貌,对当今的福建依然有着深刻的影响。明代福建州县变更的原因主要有三种:一是地方人口的变动,二是加强中央对地方的控制,三是适应沿海地区的发展。州县行政单位的变更也在福建当地引发了一系列影响,在政治上,新县的设置维护了地方秩序的稳定;在经济上,新县的设置有助于制定因地制宜的经济政策;在社会上,新县的设置起到了促进地方教育文化发展的作用。分析明代福建13个州县的变更原因与影响,不但可以看出统治者为加强自身统治而花费的苦心,而且也可以看出州县的政治职能,为现今地方政策的制定提供有益的参考。
In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Ming court conducted a total of 13 changes and changes in Fujian’s counties and counties. These adjustments largely determine the appearance of the administrative units in counties and cities in Fujian Province today, and still have a profound impact on today’s Fujian. There are three main reasons for the change of prefectures and counties in Fujian in the Ming Dynasty: one is the change in the local population; the other is to strengthen the control of the central authorities to the localities; and the other is to adapt to the development of the coastal areas. Changes in administrative units in the prefectures and counties have also triggered a series of local impacts in Fujian Province. Politically, the establishment of new counties has maintained the stability of local order; economically, setting up new counties has contributed to the formulation of economic policies tailored to local conditions; The establishment of new counties has played a role in promoting the development of local education and culture. Analyzing the causes and effects of the changes in the 13 counties and prefectures of Fujian in the Ming Dynasty can not only show the rulers’ painstaking efforts to strengthen their own governance, but also show the political functions of counties and counties, providing useful references for the formulation of local policies today.