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本文对《汉书》中出现的“拘、囚、系(繫)”这组同义词进行了细致的描写,并以之与先秦两汉时期的使用情况做了比较:春秋战国以前,表“拘禁”义主要用“囚”和“拘”,二词在战国时期竞争激烈。从汉初开始,表“拘禁”义的“系(繫)”开始呈上升趋势,到《汉书》中占主导地位。“囚”虽一直沿用至《汉书》,但组合能力已十分有限。“拘”表“拘禁义”随着“系(繫)”的上升而相对处于劣势,出现频率并不高,但在《汉书》出现了新的组合“拘留”,此形式被现代汉语继承下来。
This article makes a detailed description of the synonyms of “detainee, prisoner and department (system)” appearing in “Han Shu” and compares them with the usage of the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties: Before the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States Period, The main use of justice “prisoner” and “arrest”, two words in the Warring States period highly competitive. From the beginning of the Han Dynasty, the “Department” of “detention” began to rise and became the dominant part of the “Han Dynasty.” Although “prisoner” has been used until “Han”, but the combination of ability has been very limited. The “Custody” of “Custody” is relatively at a disadvantage with the rise of “Department” and its frequency of occurrence is not high. However, a new combination of “detention” appeared in “Han”, which is inherited by Modern Chinese Down.