例一:该病例胸水内有癌细胞,应诊断为恶性肿瘤。大量胸水而气管不移位是中心型肺癌并阻塞性肺不张的典型表现,但该病例经纤维支气管镜及胸片,肺门体层等检查,均无气管、支气管及肺门异常,仅有左侧胸腔积液征,故应诊断为左侧原发性胸膜间皮细胞瘤。胸膜间皮细胞瘤分局限型和弥漫型两种,通常认为局限型属良性,弥漫型属恶 Case 1: There are cancer cells in the pleural effusion, which should be diagnosed as malignant. A large amount of pleural effusion without tracheal displacement is a typical manifestation of central lung cancer and obstructive atelectasis. However, in this case, there were no abnormalities of trachea, bronchus, and hilars through fiberoptic bronchoscopy, chest radiograph, and hilar body mass examination. Left pleural effusion sign, it should be diagnosed as left primary pleural mesothelioma. Pleural mesothelioma is of both localized and diffuse type. It is generally considered that the localized type is benign and the diffuse type is malignant.