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海甘蓝(Crambe abyssinica Hochst.ex R.E.Fries)属于十字花科、芸薹族(Brassiceae)、两节荠属(Crambe)。该属约有30多种,主要分布于地中海、西伯利亚、中亚等地区。它的种子含油量为30％～45％,其中55％～60％是芥酸(C_(22(?)))。由于近年来高芥酸资源出现短缺,因此工业发达国家在发展甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus)的同时,还大力发展高芥酸油料作物海甘蓝的种植和生产。究其原因是食用油菜日趋向零芥酸发展,如果高芥酸工业用油菜与之种植地域较近,易引起交叉授粉,形成中等芥酸含量的油菜籽。这种菜籽油不宜食用,作工业用油因芥酸含量低而降低利用价值;此外,高、低芥酸油菜种子从外观上相似,不利于种子的管理。海甘蓝为自花授粉植物,种子从外观上完全不同于普通油菜,且芥酸含量比普通油菜至少高出10％～15％。目前,该种质资源在美国、加拿大、丹麦、德国、波兰、俄罗斯、瑞典、巴基斯坦等国均有种植,已成为发展高芥酸油的重要原料。
Crambe abyssinica Hochst.ex R.E.Fries belongs to the family Cruciferae, Brassiceae, and two Crambe. The genus is about 30 species, mainly distributed in the Mediterranean, Siberia, Central Asia and other regions. Its seed oil content of 30% to 45%, of which 55% to 60% is erucic acid (C_ (22 (?))). Due to the shortage of high-erucic acid resources in recent years, industrialized countries have also been vigorously developing the cultivation and production of high-erucic acid oil seed crop cabbage while developing Brassica napus. The reason is that edible rape tends to zero erucic acid development, if the high-erucic acid industrial rapeseed near planting areas, easy to cause cross pollination, the formation of medium erucic acid content of rapeseed. This rapeseed oil should not be used as food for industrial use due to low erucic acid and reduce the value of use; In addition, high and low erucic rapeseed seeds from the appearance of similar, is not conducive to the management of the seed. It is a self-pollinating plant with seeds completely different in appearance from common rape, and its erucic acid content is at least 10% -15% higher than that of common rape. At present, the germplasm resources are planted in the United States, Canada, Denmark, Germany, Poland, Russia, Sweden, Pakistan and other countries. It has become an important raw material for the development of high-erucic acid.