本文介绍约瑟夫逊效应在微波和远红外上的应用。首先叙述约结作为电路元件的 I-V 特性曲线,然后依次叙述它在检测、混频、参量放大等领域中的一些最近研究结果。最后介绍它的新应用的一些结果和设想,兼及约结理论发展的概略。 This article describes the Josephson effect in microwave and far-infrared applications. First, I describe the I-V characteristic curve of a junction as a circuit element and then describe some of its recent findings in the fields of detection, mixing, parametric amplification, and the like in turn. Finally, it introduces some of the results and ideas of its new application, as well as the outline of the development of the conclusion theory.