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为了给小麦高产、优质栽培和育种提供理论依据,就不同基肥水平结合叶面喷氮对不同类型冬小麦品种的产量、品质及植株氮素状况的影响进行了试验研究。结果表明,施用基肥并结合生育后期叶面喷氮能显著提高籽粒粗蛋白含量和产量,无基肥区喷氮的作用显著大于施基肥区的;施基肥结合喷氮对籽粒赖氨酸无明显作用;施基肥区喷氮降低了籽粒容重。提高产量改善品质的最佳喷氮时期一般在开花期,但因品种类型、基肥基础而不同,春性品种无基肥区最佳喷氮时期提早到抽穗期,而施基肥区则推迟到灌浆期。通过对植株硝酸还原酶活性及粗蛋白含量的分析,叶面喷氮能否使灌浆开始后植株顶三叶硝酸还原酶活性出现峰值、激发顶三叶含氮物运入籽粒,使籽粒蛋白质稀释得到抑制或补偿,与其对籽粒粗蛋白含量和产量作用的大小密切相关。
In order to provide theoretical basis for high yield, good quality and breeding of wheat, the effect of different basal fertilizer combined with foliar nitrogen fertilization on the yield and quality of different types of winter wheat cultivars and nitrogen status of plants was studied. The results showed that the application of basal fertilizer combined with the foliar spray at the later growth stage could significantly increase the crude protein content and yield of grain, and the effect of nitrogen spraying without basal fertilizer was significantly greater than that of basal fertilizer application. The basal fertilizer combined with nitrogen spraying had no effect on lysine Nitrogen fertilizer in the basal area reduced grain weight. Improve the yield and improve the quality of the best nitrogen spray period is generally in the flowering stage, but due to the type of foundation, basal foundation and different, spring varieties no basal area optimal nitrogen injection period early to the heading stage, while the ShiZuZhi area is postponed to the filling period . Through the analysis of nitrate reductase activity and crude protein content in plant, the effect of foliar spray nitrogen on peak top nitrate reductase activity in top trilobate leaves was stimulated by foliar spray, which stimulated the top clover nitrogenous matter to enter the grain, Is inhibited or compensated, which is closely related to the effect of grain crude protein content and yield.