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记录同一时期的史书资料的叙述之不一致问题古已有之,盖因其时间间隔有长有短,作者见闻也多有不同渠道之故。特别是到了明末清初,由于官方正史的姗姗来迟与讳莫如深,有关明末清初的那段历史的史料文献,特别是有关南明的部分,就向来成为令史学家们极为头疼的事。究其原因,一方面在于大清取得全国政权后,出于掩盖其曾臣服于明朝的过去与征服过程中的诸多暴行等目的,将相关的史料文件,烧了一批、禁了一批、改了一批;一方面则是由于当时民军、明军、清军三大力量逐鹿天下,征战不休因此导致了许多信息的阻隔、失实乃至误传(包括有意的与无意的)。事涉南明的许多史料是相互有冲突的,本文以明末太子案为例,就南明史料多龃龉的这一状况及其背后的形成原因进行些粗浅的分析。
The inconsistencies in the narration of historical records in the same period have been known for a long time because of the short and long periods of their time laps, as well as the author’s knowledge of many different channels. Especially in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, historians of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, historically well-documented and especially those relating to Nanming, have always been extremely troublesome to historians because of the lateness and secrecy of official official history . The reason is that on the one hand, after Qing gained the power of the whole country, it obstructed a batch of relevant historical documents and banned them for the purpose of covering up many atrocities they had surrendered in the past and conquering the Ming Dynasty On the one hand, the three major forces of the Ming and Qing forces at home were competing in the world. The endless battle led to the obstruction, misrepresentation and even misinformation of many messages (both intentional and unintentional). Many historical events involved in Nanming conflict with each other. Taking the case of Prince Edward in the late Ming Dynasty as an example, this article makes a superficial analysis of the situation of Nanming historical relics and the causes behind it.