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血管介入栓塞可追溯到1904年,但直到19世纪70年代。随着影像设备、导管技术及栓塞剂的发展和应用,血管介入栓塞才引起人们的真正关注。随之,人们研究了种类繁多的血管栓塞物质,以适应不同部位、不同性质病变的需要。一种理想的栓塞材料应具备无毒或低毒、无抗原性、人体组织相容性好、无致畸和致癌性以及易通过导管运送等特点。本文就血管介入栓塞剂的分类及临床应用和研究进展作一综述。人们主要根据血管栓塞剂的物理性状来进行分类的,归纳起来共分为五大类即颗粒状栓塞剂、液态栓塞剂、大型栓塞剂、磁性栓塞剂以及放射性栓塞剂。
Vascular embolization dates back to 1904, but it was not until the 1870s. With the development and application of imaging equipment, catheter technology and embolic agents, arterial embolization has aroused people’s real attention. Subsequently, people studied a wide range of blood vessel embolic material to adapt to different parts of different nature of the disease needs. An ideal embolic material should be non-toxic or low toxicity, non-antigenicity, good human tissue compatibility, non-teratogenic and carcinogenic and easy to transport through the catheter and so on. This article reviews the classification, clinical application and research progress of vascular intervention embolic agents. People mainly according to the physical properties of vascular embolic agents to be classified, summed up in five categories are divided into granular embolic agents, liquid embolic agents, large embolic agents, magnetic embolic agents and radioactive embolic agents.