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自从著名的经济学家、哈佛大学教授哈维·莱宾斯坦发表《配置效率与X效率》(1966年)以来,X效率问题在西方经济学界引起了广泛的关注。与许多有创见的理论一样,莱宾斯坦的X效率理论一开始受到了诸多学派的批评。对此,莱宾斯坦和他的追随者们已作了有力的回答。有关X效率的著作文献现在已是浩如烟海。莱宾斯坦1966年的这篇文章也被广泛引用。X效率理论解答了传统微观经济学难以解答的现实经济生活中的一些重要问题,从而具有应有的生命力。X效率理论与交易费用理论和产权理论一起,构成了对传统经济学的三大挑战。
Since the famous economist Harvard University professor Harvey Lebinstein published “Configuration Efficiency and X-efficiency” (1966), the X-efficiency problem has aroused widespread concern in the western economics community. Like many creative ideas, Leibstein’s X-efficiency theory was initially criticized by many schools. In this regard, Lebinstein and his followers have given powerful answers. The literature on X efficiency is now vast. Leibstein’s 1966 article is also widely quoted. The X-efficiency theory answers some important problems in the real economic life that traditional microeconomics can hardly answer, and thus has the vitality it deserves. Together with transaction cost theory and property rights theory, X efficiency theory constitutes three major challenges to traditional economics.