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言语行为理论是英国分析哲学家奥斯汀于50年代创立的语用学最重要的理论。传统的语义学理论认为,语言交流中最基本的意义单位是语词和语句,语词和语句的意义由它们本身的意义和逻辑结构决定;言语行为理论则认为,语言交流中最基本的意义单位,并不是语词和语句,而是说出或构造出语词和语句的言语行为,语句和语词的意义要用现实的言语行为来解释。
The speech act theory is the most important theory of pragmatics founded by the British analytical philosopher Austin in the 1950s. The traditional semantic theory holds that the most basic unit of meaning in language communication is words and sentences. The meaning of words and sentences is determined by their own meaning and logical structure. The theory of speech act believes that the most basic unit of meaning in language communication is It is not the words and sentences, but the speech acts of words and sentences that are spoken or constructed. The meaning of sentences and words must be explained by actual speech acts.