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介绍了研究分布式光纤温度传感器的意义和基于背向拉曼散射的分布式光纤温度传感器的原理、系统组成，并给出了该系统的技术关键，这包括：依据对激光器输出光波长的优化选择和对光电转换用雪崩光电二极管雪崩增益的优化设计，提高系统的信噪比；通过超高速A／D计算机插件的研制，实现微弱信号的数字平均，取代了常规的Boxcar积分器；将普通通讯光纤和包层涂锌特种光纤相结合作传感光纤，将测温上限提高到260℃。所研制的分布式光纤温度传感器的技术指标为：测量精度7℃，测量时间160s，测量空间分辨率15．6m，测量距离1．5km，测温范围30℃～260℃。
The principle and system composition of distributed optical fiber temperature sensor based on backscattering Raman scattering are introduced, and the key technology of the system is given, which includes: based on the optimization of output light wavelength of laser Select and optimize the avalanche gain of the avalanche photodiode for photoelectric conversion, and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the system; through the development of the ultra-high speed A / D computer plug-in, realize the digital average of weak signals, replacing the conventional Boxcar integrator; Communication fiber and coated zinc coated special optical fiber for sensing fiber, the temperature limit increased to 260 ℃. The developed optical fiber temperature sensor for the technical indicators: measurement accuracy of 7 ℃, measurement time 160s, measurement of spatial resolution 15.6m, measurement distance 1.5km, temperature range 30 ℃ ~ 260 ℃.