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英语中表示“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”等指示概念的代词叫指示代词，是用来指代前面的名词并代替它的词。常见的指示代词有this, that, these, those等，它们的用法和区别如下：
1.this/that 是单数概念，在句中作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式； these, those 是复数概念，在句中作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。例如：
That is a watermelon. 那是个西瓜。
Those are watermelons. 那是些西瓜。
2.this/these 一般指代离说话人较近的人或物，而that/those 一般指代离说话人较远的人或物。例如：
This is a new car and that is an old car. 这是一辆新车，那是一辆旧车。
I like these science books and she likes those picture books.
我喜欢这些科技书，她喜欢那些图画书。
3.在回答主语是this, that的一般疑问句时，通常用it 来代替；而回答主语是these, those 的一般疑问句时，一般用they 来代替。例如：
“Is this an orange?” “Yes, it is.” “这是个桔子吗？”“是的，它是。”
“Are those black sheep?” “No, they aren’t.” “那些是黑绵羊吗？”“不，他们不是。”
4.在向别人介绍某人时，要用“This is…”以表示礼貌，不用“That is…”或“He/She is…”。例如：
Hi, Mr. White. This is my deskmate Kathy. 嗨，怀特先生。这是我的同桌凯西。
5.在电话用语中，用this 代替I ，用that 代替you。例如：
Hello! This is Peter speaking. Who’s that? 喂，我是彼得，你是哪一位啊？
6.前面所说的人或物又一次被提到，为了避免重复，用that或those 代替。例如：
The china made in China is better than that made in the USA.
中国制造的瓷器比美国制造的好。
I like these color pens than those. 我喜欢这些彩笔胜于那些。
7.this, that 有时相当于副词so。例如：
Liu Xiang runs that fast. 刘翔跑得那么快。
8.that is 可缩写成that’s，而this is 却不能缩写。例如：
This is a big desk and that’s a small one. 这是个大写字台而那是个小的。
[小试牛刀]
(一)单项填空。
1. “Cindy, what is this?” “____ is an ID card.”
A. It B. They C. This D. That
2. “Hello. May I speak to Zihui?” “____ is Zihui speaking.”
A. This B. That C. He D. She
3. I like playing ping-pong but my brother doesn’t like ____.
A. this B. that C. these D. those
4. Tom bought a fish just now and now he is cooking ____ for dinner.
A. this B. that C. one D. it
5. The books in my hand are fewer than ____ in hers.
A. that B. those C. this D. these
6. The weather in Jinan is much better than ____ in Beijing.
A. this B. it C. that D. one
7. He found ____ very difficult to learn English well.
A. this B. that C. one D. it
(二)在必要处用a/an或one 填空。
1. “What’s this in ____ English?” “It’s ____ apple.”
2. Wang Lin is ____ honest man and now he’s in ____ university.
3. I often eat ____ egg and go to school. It usually takes me half ____ hour.
4. Is that your ____ friend?
5. Li Lei is in Class ____, Grade ____. She isNumber ____, in Row ____.
6. Boys and girls, look at your books and turn to Page ____.
7. She has ____ pen and two pencils in her pencil-case.
[Key:(一)1.A 2.A 3.B 4.D 5.B 6.C 7.D(二)1./; an 2.an; a 3.an; an 4./ 5.One; One; One; One 6.One 7.a/one]
1.this/that 是单数概念，在句中作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式； these, those 是复数概念，在句中作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。例如：
That is a watermelon. 那是个西瓜。
Those are watermelons. 那是些西瓜。
2.this/these 一般指代离说话人较近的人或物，而that/those 一般指代离说话人较远的人或物。例如：
This is a new car and that is an old car. 这是一辆新车，那是一辆旧车。
I like these science books and she likes those picture books.
我喜欢这些科技书，她喜欢那些图画书。
3.在回答主语是this, that的一般疑问句时，通常用it 来代替；而回答主语是these, those 的一般疑问句时，一般用they 来代替。例如：
“Is this an orange?” “Yes, it is.” “这是个桔子吗？”“是的，它是。”
“Are those black sheep?” “No, they aren’t.” “那些是黑绵羊吗？”“不，他们不是。”
4.在向别人介绍某人时，要用“This is…”以表示礼貌，不用“That is…”或“He/She is…”。例如：
Hi, Mr. White. This is my deskmate Kathy. 嗨，怀特先生。这是我的同桌凯西。
5.在电话用语中，用this 代替I ，用that 代替you。例如：
Hello! This is Peter speaking. Who’s that? 喂，我是彼得，你是哪一位啊？
6.前面所说的人或物又一次被提到，为了避免重复，用that或those 代替。例如：
The china made in China is better than that made in the USA.
中国制造的瓷器比美国制造的好。
I like these color pens than those. 我喜欢这些彩笔胜于那些。
7.this, that 有时相当于副词so。例如：
Liu Xiang runs that fast. 刘翔跑得那么快。
8.that is 可缩写成that’s，而this is 却不能缩写。例如：
This is a big desk and that’s a small one. 这是个大写字台而那是个小的。
[小试牛刀]
(一)单项填空。
1. “Cindy, what is this?” “____ is an ID card.”
A. It B. They C. This D. That
2. “Hello. May I speak to Zihui?” “____ is Zihui speaking.”
A. This B. That C. He D. She
3. I like playing ping-pong but my brother doesn’t like ____.
A. this B. that C. these D. those
4. Tom bought a fish just now and now he is cooking ____ for dinner.
A. this B. that C. one D. it
5. The books in my hand are fewer than ____ in hers.
A. that B. those C. this D. these
6. The weather in Jinan is much better than ____ in Beijing.
A. this B. it C. that D. one
7. He found ____ very difficult to learn English well.
A. this B. that C. one D. it
(二)在必要处用a/an或one 填空。
1. “What’s this in ____ English?” “It’s ____ apple.”
2. Wang Lin is ____ honest man and now he’s in ____ university.
3. I often eat ____ egg and go to school. It usually takes me half ____ hour.
4. Is that your ____ friend?
5. Li Lei is in Class ____, Grade ____. She isNumber ____, in Row ____.
6. Boys and girls, look at your books and turn to Page ____.
7. She has ____ pen and two pencils in her pencil-case.
[Key:(一)1.A 2.A 3.B 4.D 5.B 6.C 7.D(二)1./; an 2.an; a 3.an; an 4./ 5.One; One; One; One 6.One 7.a/one]